Tual Khan Suan (Suanpi)
Mihingte i piancil a kipan in tanh kikimna leh suahtakna ki bang neiciat i hihna pen sang in i zui ut kei zongin thuman a hihi. Mimal khat ciat lungsim tawng sungah zong eima sep ut na khempeuh suakta tak a septheihna om hi, cih leh tua nasep theihna dingin kikimtak in kong kihong ciat hi, cih pen i theihloh kal in i sansa thu leh i zat det thu a hihi. Tua pianken suahtakna pen mihing a piang khia khempeuh in a kikim tek in nei ciat a, mi khatpeuh in thagum hatna leh sum leh pai hauhna hang in hong suksiatsak leh hong khaktansak ciangin thu manlo gamtatna in kisang hi. Mihing te in a honhon leh a pawlpawl a tenna pan in mun leh mualte gawm in gamkhat lam khia uhhi. Tua bangin mihon ten khopna, gamkhat lam khiatna pan in ukna a pia ding mi kisam a, tua mihonte lakpan (or) gamkhat sung pan thatang hat pen in ukpi sem pah hi. (Nidang lai in Zomi te sungah khua thak satna ah makai pa in hausa sem a, tua khua sungah siah leh tang kaii hi.) Thagum hatman in ukpi sem ahihman in gamsung kivai hawmna ding zong thukhunpi cih omnawn tuan lo a, ukpi te kam pan a pusuak thu mal in thukhun leh dan (Law and Order) hipah hi. Ukpi te in “that a cih leh thah, nungta a cih leh nuntak” hun hi a, meigong tagah a kipan ukpite deihloh gammi mi peuhmah “hanmual” ah kipuak pah hun ahihi. Tua bang ukpite vaihawmna nuai ah mihingte pianken suahtakna te kibullot mang a gam mite i gam sungah “sila” suah hun ahihi.Ukpi te’n a mau thuneihna (power) pen Pasian piak bang in deihkaih uh a, Pasian in mite tung a vaihawm ding ngiat in a sehsa a piang bangin kikoih uhhi.Mihingte thumuhna khangto semsem a, a gilo ukpi te pen Pasian sehsa hilo hi, cih a kitel sem sem ciangin gitlohna pen langdo in nialkalh theihna ding lampi zong khia uhhi. Thukhat pan in gen leng, a gilo kumpi te suankhia in mipite deihna siksan a kibawl thukhunpi tawh kituak a gam vaihawm ding cih gamleivai telsui mipil (political scientists) te ngimna khangto semsem hi.
Tua ngimnate zui in 1776 kum,America gam suahtakna thu tangkona leh 1786 France Revolution hun sung a khutlet ahi gam mipi te pianken suahtakna kipsakna, mihing khempeuh tanh kikimna, mipi deihna bulphuh in gam ki-uk ding cihte lawh cing takin kipsakna om hi.Tua bang in thu khunpi omlo a mikhat kam pan pusuak thumal in dan leh thukham bang a kizat na hun bei a, mipi thuneihna tawh gam ki-ukna hun kipan hi. Ahizong in a tung a i gensa a gilo gam-uk kumpi te go leh gamh hoihlo te pen tuhun dong leitung ah bei siang taktak thei nailo hi. Tua kumpi gilo te’n a mau leh a mau pen midang te sang in vanglian zaw, a mau bek a manpha leh thu neihna khempeuh Pasian piak in deihkaih uh a, a sepna khempeuh uh Pasian deihna in ngaihsun uhhi.Gam sung leh gammite ut leh dah in tawk’ uh a, mipi mitmei veng nawnse lo uhhi.Hih bang leitung go leh gamh hoihlo a luah kumpi te lak ah tulai tak a Burma gam uk galkap kumpi te zong khat in kihel uhhi.
Leitung gamlim sung a Burma gam kici gamgi huam sungah kua minam teng om a, bang ci bangin gam kilam khia hiam? cih pen gam leh nam it gamleivai sai mite’n nuaisiah theih ding thu hilo hi. Tua mah bang in gam kipkhona ding, gam khantohna ding, kilemna ding leh leitung tawh kiton a kalsuan ut mite’n zong a kan huai thu ahihi. Banghang hiam cih leh tua bang lampi ah i pai theihna ding in gamsung a teng minam te kilem tak a kalsuan khop masak kisam hi. Kilemna i cih ciang in thauvui thautang leh thagum hat thu tawh vaulau a daihsakna hilo a, a zungpi pan leh lungsim takpi tawh kilemna kisam hi. Thauvui thautang leh thagum hat thu tawh vaulau a daihsakna in sawt daihlo ahihna USSR gam in hong lah khit mah bangin, vekpi thukimna bulphuh a kibawl kilemna in khantohna leh damsawtna hi, cih USA in hong lak khinzo hi.Hih thute muhkholhna a nei gam makai U Aung San in Burma gam pen a lungsim takpi tawh it ahihman in gam lamkhiat ding dan pen gam sung minamte deihna leh thukimna tawh lamkhiat ding na bulphuh hi. U. Aung San makaihna tawh suahtakna a kilak ding ciang in mualtung mite thukimna omlo in mualtung mite mailam vai ding hawmsak thei tuan lo hi.Ahang in mualtung mi te pen Kawl kumpi ukna nuaiah om minamte hilo uhhi. Hih thu tawhkisai in History of Our Burmese Bloc (in Burmese) p-95 ah “….Shan,Wa,Kachin,Chin(Zomi) minam te tenna mun leh mual teng pen mikang gam-ukpi (governor) khut nuai ah gam khentuam in om a, kua mipi palai peuhmah in va sawk pih theilo hi” ci’n na kigelh hi.
Minam khat i mailam thu ding pen tua minam te thukim na omlo pi’n nam dang khat in khensat sakna pen tua minamte pianken suahtakna suksiat sakna ahihman in pianken suahtakna kipsak a,a zui a zang mikang kumpi zong thukim lohi. Tua ahihman in Burma gam suahtakna piakna ding tawh kisai in Mangkang Vuanzichouh ( Prime Minister of British) a sem Arthur Neville Chamberlain(1937-40 ) in “Kawl a hilo mualstung mite a hi, Zomi (Chin), Shan, Kachin minamte tenna mun teng pen tua minam te mahmah in a mau minam te tenna mun leh mual te Kawlte tenna gam tawh gawm khop ut ung, a cih mateng uh a tuam vilvel a koih lai ding” ci’n na gen hi.Tua bang mah in U Aung San in zong Burma gam suahtakna lakna ding ah mualtung mite tawh thukimna bawl masak ding kisam a hihna phawk hi.A beisa cik mah hun lai a namdang khutnuai ah sila bang in a om ngeilo mualtung mite in zong mikangte khutsung pan suahtakna a deih uh hangin tua suahtakna ngah khit ciang in minam dang khat sila ding ut tuanlo uhi. “Akta duh gawl kilawh khuh”cih paunak bang in deih se lua buak suah khak ding lungsim lauthawng hun laitak in U.Aung San in “Ko, Kawlmite pen mikang te sila utnawn kei ung,tua mah bangin mualtung mite zong mikangte sila ding in phal keiung, tua ban ah mualtung mite pen Kawlmi te sila suaksak ut tuan kei ung”ci’n Feb.9,1947 ni-in a gen ciang in mualtung mite lungzang mahmah uhhi.
U Aung San pen mihing pianken suahtakna a zahtak leh minam khempeuh neih mailam vai ding aituam deihtel khensatna (self-determination)a thukim pih makai khat a hih man in mualtung mite thukimna omlo in mualtung mite gamsung vai vasawk sak ut tuan lo hi. Hih thu tawh kisai in “Kawlgam leh mualtung mite gam gawmkhawm leng zong tua gamte ii gamsung vai pen mualtung mite mah in vaihawm ding hi. Lal khiatna (succession) a deih uh leh zong lal khiat theihna zong kipia ding hi” ci’n 1946 kum in U Aung San in mikang mi Mr.Bottomley kiang ah a ma lunggelna gen beh hi Hih thute mualtung mi makai te’n a theih uh ciangin muanlahna teng bei in Kawlte tawh kipawl in suahtakna lak ding khensatna nei uhhi.
A tung a U Aung San kamciamte hangin mualtung mite in Kawlmite muang uh ahih man in 1947 February 12 ni’n Shan gam Pinlong khua ah “onghu Kawl kumpi (interim government) tawh kipawl khawm zual man in Shan, Kachin,Chin (Zomi) minamte in suahtakna a manlang zaw in ngah ding” cih thu patna in nei in kipawl khawm a suahtakna lak ding, minam khempeuh in hamphatna kikim ngah ciat ding,cih leh gambup mailam vaihawm zia ding kihel in Kawlmi palai Gen.Aung San, Shan mi palai (13) te a hi,Saohpalong of Tawngpeng State, Saohpalong of Yawnghwe State,Saohpalong of North Hsenwi State, Saohpalong of Laihka State, Saohpalong of Mong Pawn State,Saohpalong of Hsamonghkam State,Representative of Hsahtung Saohpalong,Hkun Pung, U Tin E , U Htun Myint,U Kya Bu, Hkun Saw, Sao Yape Hpa , Hkun Hte, Kachin mi palai (6 )te a hi, Sinwa Naw (Myitkyina), Zaurip (Myitkyina), Dinra Tang (Myitkyina), Zau La (Bhamo),Zau Lawn (Bhamo), Labang Grong (Bhamo) leh Zomite palai (3)te ahi, Pu Thawng Za Khup(Tedim) Pu Hlur Mung(Falam) leh Pu Kio Mang (Haka) te’n thukimna laipi ah letmat thuh uhhi. Tua pen kawlgam tangthu sungah Pyidawngsu ni (Union Day) kici hi. Hih Pinlong thukimna in kawlgam suahtakna ngahna dingin kalbi (step) masa ahihmah bang in gam lamkhiatna ding in zong kipatna hoih a hihi. Ahang pen “minamkhempeuh hihna tan kikim, hamphatna lampi kikim, septheih ngahzah kikim leh democracy paidan zui in vaihawm ciat thei ding,” tua ban ah mihingte pianken suahtakna tawh kizom ahi aituam deihtel khensatna (self-determination) zui in “suahtakna ngahkhit ciang in lalkhiat ut leh bang hun peuh in lalkhia theiding” cihte thukimna om hi.
Pinlong thukimna pen thuman taktak a hih leh a hihloh theihcian na dingin Mr.D.R.Rees-Williams (MP) makaihna tawh 1947 March-April kha sung in Myamyo khuapi ah mualtung mite sittelna omhi. Hih mun ah Gen.Aung San a kihel theihloh hangin U Nu (Burma ah PM masa pen) kihel thei hi. Gam lamkhiat ding zia, gam vaihawm ding zia, gam kalsuan ding ziate tawh kisai mipi deihna muh khiatna ding ngimna ahihi. Tua lai a Zomi te aitang a va kah palai Capt. Mang Tung Nung leh midangte in gamlam khiat ding zia leh gam kivai hawm ding zia tawh kisai in“gamke gawmkhop gam(Federal state) in kipuak ding” “bang hun peuh in lal khia thei ding” ci’n Zomite deihna va pulak uhhi.Zomite’ sila ut lohna lungsim leh suahtakna, kikimna deih lungsim kilatna ahihi. Ahizong in suahtakna ngahkhit 1947 kum gambup thukhunpi a kizat tak teh U Aung San in mualtung mite a piak kamciam te kinol khin bek thamlo in Pinlong thukimna tawh kileh bulh ahihman in mualtungmi te’n lu phong zo nawnlo hi. U Aung San in kawlgam lamkhiat ding zia sungah gamke (state) ngah thei ding te ci’n a lamlahna sungah;-
(a) Gamgi kician nei leitang hiding;
(b) Kawlpau tawh kibang lo kampau ding;
(c) Ngeina kician /kibang khat nei khawm ding;
(d) Abeisa hun a bil tenna na mun leh mual nei minam hiding;
(e) Sum lei sumzuakna ah a kilawm ciang khat kito delh zo minam hiding;
(f) Mihing mal(population) a hun khop khat omding;
(g) Gamke (state) khat a tuam din ding utna taktak neiding. cihte hi a, tua thu leh la teng a kicing a nei Zomi te pen 1947 kum kawlgam thukhunpi sungah gamke(state) kipiak lo hi. Tua bek hilo in Zomi te tenna mun leh mual teng pen minam dangte tawh tanh kikim hong pia lo in, vaihawmna nopna ding in gamkhen (Division) khat ciang bek tawh hong koih uh hi.
Eihong uk ding mi ei deih teltheihna pen Democracy paizia hi na pi’n Zogam vaisai Vuanzi (Chin affair minister) ding pen mipi te dotna omlo pi’n bulpi (centre) pan hong kiguan sak hi. 1956 kum in Zogam ah vaisai vuanzi (minister) ding mipi ten Pu Za Hre Lian a tel uh hangin tua hun a Prime Minister a sem U Nu in sanglo in Pu Sing Thlang pia hi. Hih thu ah mipi te lungkim lo uh ahihman in U Nu Tedim a hong zin ciang in Pu S.T.Hau Go in “Bang hang in vote tawh kitelna pan a ngah Pu Za Hre Lian in vaisa vuanzi semlo in, vote ngah lopi Pu sing Thang in sem hiam?”cin U Nu kiang ah dotna bawlhi. U Nu in zong tam dawn selo in sangmang Rev. Nelson kiang ah “na mihing kemcing in” cih san ziau hi. Pinlong thukimna ah namneu namlian cih omlo in Democracy pak leh gahte a kikim in lo khawm ne khawm ciat thei ding cih a hih hang thunei tute in Democracy paidan tawh kituak lo a sep a bawl te uh hilh a,kawk muh ding na ngawm kikhak tan hi.
Democracy paizia ah gambup vaihawmna Innpi pen dei (2) nih in kikhen hi.Innpi tung nung (upper house) leh Innpi nuainung(lower house) ahihi. Innpi tungnung a tu ding mipi palai te pen minam tuamtuam pan palai kikim a kisawl hi a, namlian namneu cih omlo satan kikim ciat lahna ahihi. Tua banah nampi te’n namneu te nawmvalh in a nektum loh nang uh leh namneu te in a mau minam ngeina (Cultures),lai( literature), pupa tawndan (Customs), kampau ( languages) leh namdang tawh kibang lo minam vai te a kepcing theih nang uh ahihi.1947 thukhunpi dung zui in Innpi tungnung ah nam tuamtuam te panmun ngahzah in –
1.Burman (53)
2.Shan (25)
3.Karen (24)
4.Kachin (12)
5.Chin(Zomi) ( 8)
6.Karenni(Kayah) (3) hi a Democracy paizia zui in vote tawh thukhenna ding munte ah (1/7) ahihman in bang ci dan lampi peuh tawh kikimna omthei ngei lohi. Pinlong thukimna i deihna in Kawl in pek (1), Zomi pek (1) hi na pi’n thukhunpi sungah Kawl in pek (7), Zomi in pek (1) suak ahihman in “ I vawh khaici leh a gah” kilamdang lua hi. Tuaban ah Zomi te lunggulh pen te ahi khualzin gamvak nading lampi, siamsinna ding sang inn leh cidamna tawh kisai zato te zong gina tak a ngahloh ban ah bulpi pan sum leh pai zong mite khamval bek kingah kha hi.
1961 kum in Shan state, Taungkyi khuapi ah tua bang a tanh kikimlo, hamphatna kikimlo leh Pinlong thukimna bang a nna a kisep loh luat man in thukhunpi puahphatna (amendment) bawl ding hanciamna tawh mualtung mi makaite in thu kikupna nei uhhi. Hih thu kikupna pen nam khempeuh tan kikim, hamphatna kikim, liangko kikim a kalsuan khop ding deihna hi na pi’n nam neu te tawh tan kikim ding a deihlo Kawl galkap mang Gen. Ne Win in gam kekzakna ding vai hawmna hi, ci’n ngawh in gambup thuneihna khempeuh pen Vuanzi Chouh U Nu tung pan in sutkhia hi. Burma ah Kawlmi te bek in thunei ding cih khut let a nei Thakin Ba Sein nungzui galkap mang Gen. Ne Win in gam thuneihna a luhsuah khit ciang in namneu te in lu phong zo nawnlo,nen ciip in om uh a, nam hamphatna leh pianken hamphatna khempeuh suk siatsak in om hi.Tua bek thamlo 1947 kum a kigelh gam bup thukhunpi pen phiat uh a, 1974 kumin thu khunpi thak khat gelh kik in om a gamke (state) te thuneihna om sun teng paikhia in bulpi pan thupiak tawh vaihawmna in gam hongpai pih hi. Tua thukhunpi sungah Innpi tungnung (upper house) ah palai panmun (224) om a,tua panmun te minam zui in:-
1. Burman (84)
2.Shan (12)
3.Kachin (12)
4.Chin(Zomi) ( 12)
5.Karen (12)
6.Kayah (Karenni) (12)
7.Mon (12)
8.Rakhaing (12) leh
9.Galkap deihguan mi (56) om hi. Hih thukhunpi ah Zomi in pek(1) ciang in Kawl in pek (12) phial ngah ahihman in minam tan kikimna bei siang hi. Innpi nuainung ah palai panmun (440) om a, tua sung pan panmun (330) pen zekhem kitelna pan palai te a ding in kikoih a, panmun (110) pen galkap deihguan in kikoih hi. 1974 thukhunpi pen Pinlong thukimna pan a langtang a lampial khiatna a hih mah bang in nampi a hi Kawlmi te’n namneu te nawmvalh na ding a langtang a lampi honsakna ahihi.
1988 kum ciang in mipi sosang in langpanna hang tawh Ne Win kitawp in SLOCR/SPDC min pua galkap kumpi kah leuleu a thukhunpi omlo in tuhun ciang dong gam vaihawmna lento den lai uhhi. Thunei tu kampan pusuak khia thumal in dan (law) hi pah a, a mau sep khempeuh man hi,dik hi, ci’n sang uhhi. “Thuneihna (power) pen thau long mong pan kipan hi” ci’n kiptakin sang uh a, thagum hat thu tawh kilemna bawl sawm uhhi. Tanglai in a gilo kumpite khe khap tawn in mipite mitmei venglo in a deih bangbang un gamta uhhi. Hih bang vaihawmna in tuhun leitung leh a khangto minamte in sangthei nawnlo uh a, minam tuantual (backward natians) te sung bek ah nungta zo lai hi. Gam kipkhona ding, gam khantohna ding , tawntung kilemna ding leh leitung tawh liangko kikim a kalsuan theihna ding, ki-ukna hoihlo gou leh gamh paisan in namlian namneu cih tawh kideidanna teng beina dingin Pinlong thukimna omsa zui a nasep i kipat ding a hihi.
Note: Hih thului (article) pen September 22,2001 ni a, ka gelh a hihi.
