Zomi Khawmpi USA 2014 Thu genna


 

The roles of Civil Society in Zomi Nation Building

Zomi Innkuan USA Khawmpi (Tulsa, OK0

07/04/2014

Lungdam kohna:

  • A zahtak huai minam leh gam a ding kipia khia a nasem ZCD thuvanpi Pu Gin Kam Lian leh a zi, Nu Cing tungah minam leh gam a ding kipiak khiatna leh nasepna hangin a masa in pahtawina leh zahtakna thu ka gen hi.
  • USA gambup sungah Zomi Innkuan khawmpi hun sungin "Khuatang hinkhua" (Civil Society) tawh kisai in thu gen theihna ding hun hong gelsak, ZIUSA EC makaite tungah a mau hong deihsakna hangin lungdam ka ko hi.
  • Hih khawmpi a hong pai mimal khat ciat, mipi khempeuh tungah Kei bangin thu gen theihna ding leh i minam sunga kisam thu, sung thei dingin hun nong piak bek uh hilo in, hong ngaihsak ding na hih man un lungdam ka hong ko hi.
  • Hih khawmpi a hong sim theilo a, online tung pan hong en mi khempeuh zong lungdam hong ko nuam ing.


Introduction on Topic:




  • I Zogam sungah khuate i et ciangin mipi (tangpi tangta) ki kai khopna ding mun (Community Hall) omna khua om lo (a om leh zong) tam hetlo hi. Khua hausa te'n zong mipi sam khawm in khuasung hoih zawkna ding thu kikuppih in vaihawm khawm ci tamlo hi. Mipi a ding a nasep sawm na pi mipite'n bang kisem ding cih i theihloh pen hun sawtpi pek pan hita hi. Mipi tawh kikum lo a i gam-ah hong kivai hawm zawh kum 50-60 valta hi. Mipi tawh thu kikupna ding mun khat na-ngawn khua sim i a neihloh pen bang kimu thei hiam cih leh, mipi lo tawh thuneite bek in vaihawm hi, cih hong lak hi.
  • Hih banga thu neite bek in gamvai, minam vai, khuasung vai, ah mipi thu ngailo a, i sep ziauziau pen Zomite paidan leh vaihawm zia hilo hi. Kawlgam sungah galkap kumpi hong uk a kipan mipi thudot in hong kinei nawnloh ciangin Zomite khua sungah zong Hausa upate in mipi thu ngai nawnlo hi zaw hi. Kawl leh Zo kigawm in gam khat i sat (phuh) ma hun in hausa upa te'n khuasung vai ah thudot upa nei uh a, thu leh la pen "Hausa Upa" tawh vaihawm khawm uhhi. Mipi lampan in zong, khuasung ah "Nungak le Tangval" kipawlna om a, khua sung a "cimawh meigong leh tagahte" huhna pia zel uhhi.
  • A beisa hun lai in i Zo khuasung ah "Vaihawm Hausa Upa" ten ukna, vaihawmna, thu neihna a neih bangun, "cimawh donghu" na sepnate ah a huh dingin "Nungak tangval kipawlna" in tavuan la in, na sem khawm uh hi. Dai kilkal a meigong tagahte, inn ma, lo ma a zolo mite pen khuasung kipawlna in "tha pia" uh a huhna na nei uhhi. Tua hangin khuasung pen nuam kisa in mi khempeuh in nuntakna nei thei hi.
  • Tu hun ciangin, gam ki-ukna hoih loh hang tawh, na khempeuh kumpi sep ding bek leh, kumpi uliante mahmah in zong a mau bek sep theih sa in sai (van) uhhi. Vaihawm Hausa upa ten zong Kumpi lam tawh kituah ding bek en uh a, mipi thu ngailo, enlo uh hi. Khuasung cimawh donghu nasem ding "Nungak Tangval kipawlna" zong thupi sak nawnlo uh hi. Cimawh donghu nasep pen thupi saklo a hih man, khuasungah thuneite bek in nuamsa in mipi nautang a dingin khuasung pen a nop nawnlo hi.
  • Zomi leh Zogam khantohna ding, minam sungah kilemna leh mipi vaihawmna a kip semsemna in a kisam a hi, Civil society tawh kisai thu khen thum in ka hong gen nuam hi.

  • Khen masa in: Galkap kumpi uk hun ma in Zomite sungah khuatang kipawlna (civil society) leh nasep hoih pawl khat.
  • Khen Nihna ah: Kawlgam ah Ne Win leh galkap kumpi uk hun sung in Zomite khuatang kipawlna (civil society)
  • Khen Thumna ah: Mipi vaihawmna (Democracy) a zungkipna ding khuatang kipawlna (civil society)  thupitna leh a sep theihte cih thute ka gen nuam hi.

Khen masa ah:

I pu leh pa (A beisa hun a) ki-uk zia leh khua sung vai hawm zia:

  • Thu konghonna sungah ka gen bang mah in, Zomite pen thupi thu neu ah thu kidong tangtang minam i hihi. Vaihawm Hausa Upa te'n zong mipite deihlo in a mau thu bek tawh vaihawm ziau lo uh hi. Khua sung vai, ki-ukna vai a hi zongin, gualnopna leh ngeina vai ah zong mipi tawh kizom in vai hawm hi. Kham(Singtang) lo kho mi i hih bangin kum sim a lo zuat(zonna) ding zong Hausa pa in thudotpi leh mipi tawh kam kikum uh a, na gel ciatciat uh hi. Tua bek hilo in, ngeina pawi (Khuado pawi) bawl hun ding, dawi thoih ni leh hun ding (Khuasiam pawi) cih bang te ah zong Hausa pa bek in thu khensak ziau lo hi. Mipi tawh kam kikum uh hi. Khuasung mipi khempeuh man kim hun pen ding cih bangin na gel uh a hih manin tu ni ciang dong, i Zo ngeina pawite in a ni ciangtan (date fix) om lo hi. Khuanu khuapa tungah kinga zaw hi.
  • Tua mah bangin khuanu khuapa in zong Hausa Upa tawh lo in na semlo uh hi. Hausa upa phalloh in "sing tawn khat, gua pum khat" zong phuk lo uh hi. Mipi in zong Hausate nasep huhna leh khuanu khuapa nopsakna dingin "Nungak Tangval kipawlna" nei uh a, tua pen " Lawm" a ci zong om in, tangval teng mun khat ah giak khawm uh hi. Tua "Lawm" tangval te giahna pen mun pawl khat ah "Zawlbuk" ki ci a, Nungak hel thei tangval leh ta nei nailo Papi khempeuh tua mun ah giak uh hi. "Lawm" tangvalte giahna mun pan in khuasung vai thukin (emergency) khat peuh, khuasung bitna (security) tawh kisai khatpeuh tangval ngal hat ten van uhhi. Hih "Lawm" pen i pu i pate hun lai a civil society hoih mahmah khat a hihi. Lawm tangvalte giahna pan in khuasung ah cimawh beidong, inn ma lo ma a zolo leh huh ding a kilawm te huh ding, khuasung khantohna ding, khua zang i tui nek lui khuk hahsiang ding leh khuanu khuapa vanzat khempeuh zuuntoh ding hih mun pan in kigeel a hihi. I ngeina lui "Lawm" pen in Hausa te sai zawhloh mipi phattuamna ding tampi sem zo a hih manin khuasung nuam sak hi. Hausa te leh Lawm kipawl khawm in na a sem sa Zomi te i hihi.


Khen nihna ah:

Gen. Ne Win leh Galkap kumpi khutsung in Zomite khuatang nuntakzia:

  • Alagappa in "Civil Society in Asia" cih a gelhna sungah, ukcip kumpi (dictator/authoritarian) nuai a zung kha civil society namthum in na khen hi. legitimate, control and repress. Kawlgam sunga om civil society pen repress nam sungah na koih hi. 1962 kum Ne Win in အာဏာ a teng khit a kipan National Solidarity Acts cih hong puangkhia a, BSPP lo siah kipawlna (party) om sak nawnlo uh hi. Kumpi  ten, civil society khempeuh zong phiat mai uhhi. Tua a hih manin tua mun awng a hu ding pen kumpi makaih civil society khat phuat kul hi. Worker, peasants, youth, veterans, literary workers, artistic performer cih bangin a suakta civil society munah hong thun uhhi. Khangno sung bang en leng,  ေတဇ လူငယ္၊ လမ္းစဥ္လူငယ္၊ ေရွ့ေဆာင္လူငယ္ cih bangin ut leh utloh tawh kisai lo in, vaihawm uh hi. 1990 kum khit ciangin SLORC in USDA hong bawl leuleu a hih manin, Galkap kumpi uk hun khempeuh Kawlgam sungah civil society pen Joseph Steinberg kammal kawm le'ng "Kithat" hi.
  • Kumpi vaihawmte gakcip luatna hangin i gamsungah modern civil society: (mipil mihau leh suakta taka kiphuh khia khuatang kipawlna) in zung khazo lo a si mang hi. Zo ngeina a ki lai natna leh huhna kipiate na ngawn mang cip hi. Tua a hih manin Traditional civil society :(a diak in biakna tungtawn a kipawlna) tha hat mahmah hi. Tagah kepna, sang honna cih bangin kumpi thanemnate awnghu dingin biakna bek pansan in kinei hi. Zomite, a diakin Christian i hih manin biakna tungtawn in cimawh huhna, khantohna sepna, leh pilna sang honna a kipan ki nei hi. Limtak in enleng i khuatang kipawlna pen biakna kipawlna tawh kinahvawh in kikhen theilo hi. Mipi vai, nasepna khempeuh ah biakna pawlpite kipeng sak thei nawnlo hi. Biakna makaite in zong tuateng pen a mau sep ding, mah kisa mawh kha thei hi. Khantohna ding huhna sum, leh a dang huhna khempeuh biakna pawlpi tungtawn bek in kisem hi. Community na sep khempeuh zong biaknate sep ding i sa hi. Hih pen i gam sungah civil society hoih leh kip a om lohna leh a kisapna kilat na khat zong hi kawikawi hi.


Khen thumna ah:

Mipi vaihawmna zungkipna dingin civil society panmun leh sep theih thute:

  • Hih mun ah civil society i gen ciangin Kumpi tawh kinahvawhlo, a suakta leh kipumpiak (voluntary) kipawlna, pawlkhatte kumpi kiang pan huhna la lo a, a mau leh a mau kito delh kipawlna khempeuh a ci nuam i hihi. Tuate sungah, khuasung khantohna ding nasem pawl, college sangnau pangte kipawlna, mass media, think tank groups, leh nopna dahna kipawlna a kipan biakna kipawlna dong huam sak nuam hang.
  • Civil society hoih tak a a zung khak theihna dingin zong kipawlna khat peuh in kumpi thukhun, paiziate a zuih kul zel kawikawi hi. Tua banah mimal i vaang leh tanvo (individual rights and dignity), kipawlna dangte i tanvo leh a muhdante uh zong zahtak sak kul hi. Khuatang kipawlna in kibatlohna ah kitelsiamna leh a tamzaw thu zahtaksiamna zong neih kul hi.
  • Khotang kipawlna pen kumpi thuneite tawh khut kilen in na a sep hangin, suakta taka a tangdin ding kisam zaw hi. Political power pen ngahna ding hanciam masa lo ding hi.
  • Khat veivei, gam kikhel hun laitak in, khuatang kipawlna pawlkhat in mipite nuntakna leh ngaihsutna deih bangin hei-ut thei hi. Tua bang kipawlnate in ngaihsutna kibatlohna hangin midangte tanvo zahtaksak lo bek hilo in, kitelsiamna neilo thei uh hi. Kipawlna pawlkhat leuleu in lah gamsung a thu neihna ngahna dingin political party or movement bek thupi sak uh hi. Tua bang kipawlna pen civil society kipawlna huangsung in huam lo a, democracy lamkhiatna dingin zong piak khiatna neilo uh hi.
  • Tua a hih leh, a suakta, kipum piak, thu khun zui, kiteelsiamna nei, mipi bulphuh khuatang kipawlna in bangci lam in kep cing ding hiam?

  • A masa pen leh a thupi pen ah Civil society in gambup makaite thu neihna leh vaihawmna ciangtan nei sak leh control thei hi. Gamsung vaihawmna leh democracy gamah zong kumpite vaihawmna a paihoih leh thuneihna lianpi tawh a vaihawm ding uh kisam mah hi. A hizongin, gamkhat peuh pen ukcip kumpi khut nuai ah sawt a om luat ciangin political makai leh kumpi uliante thu neihna pen etcik ding, sulzuih ding (monitor) leh kangkik (restrain) ding lampi zon kisam hi.
  • Khotang kipawlna makai ten, Kumpi uliante thuneihna bang ci zat cih, etcik kul hi. Thu neihna khengval a zatna a om leh mipi tungah tangko thei hi. A diak in thu leh la kicing ngahna ding, thu kizakna suahtakna ding, nekguk takgukna tawh kisai thukhun kician neih dingin mipi tung pan kumpi ah lobby bawl ding kisam hi.
  • A nihna khotang kipawlna sep theih a thupi in, kumpi ulian te nekguk takgukna teng pulak khia in a thuman kumpi kilam khiat ding ngetna bawl thei hi. Nekguk takguk mite gawtna ding Upadi a om hangin civil society te thapiakna lo tawh effective zo lo hi.
  • Khuatang kipawlna i na sep theih a thumna in, "gam leh minam vai ah ki helna leh uukna" sangkhanna ding mapang thei hi. NGO kipawlna te in democracy gamsung a kingah thei hamphatna (tanvo) leh mawhpuakte sinsakna leh kitelna ah vote (မဲ) zonna kamciamte ngai in vote pia dingin hanthon thei hi. Tua bek hilo in, NGO te in gam mi khat leh khat kikal ah nasep khop siamna ding, tangpi tangpi vaibuai ah kipanpihna ding, gammi mipi tawh kisai vaite ah ngaihsutna leh muhna pulak (tangko) khiatna tawh zong kisem thei hi.
  • A lina ah, khotang kipawlna in democracy paizia ah kisam thuguipi khantohna ding panla thei hi. A diak in, khat leh khat kikal ah kitelsiamna, thutang pek a mittaw sialkhau let lohna ding, compromise bawl theih zia ding, ei muhdan tawh kituak lo thute ah kizah tak sak siam ding cih bang a hihi. Hih thute in zung thuk a khak kei leh democracy pen kiplo hi. Hih thuguipite pen kihilh ciang bek tawh ki ngah zolo a, sinna leh zatna tungtawn a kingah thei thute bek a hihi. Gamdang pawlkhat NGO te in numei kipawlna sung khongnah na zang uh a, lawhcinna tampi na nei hi.
  • A ngana ah, khuatang kipawlnate in democracy gamsung ah gammi hoih, nam leh minam hoih khat suahna dingin siamsinna tungtawn in mapang thei hi. Galkap kumpi ukna sunga sawtpi a om minamte a dingin siamsinna sang pen a vekpi in bawl phakkik hoih hi. Lai sinthute (curriculum) etphat kik ding, textbook te gelh kik ding leh democracy principle leh value te hilh ding nakpi tak in kitangsam hi. Education ministry pan a uliante sep ding a hi zongin, civil society te in zong a mau hih theihna lam pan in democracy leh human rights training te bawl kawikawi thei hi.
  • A gukna ah, Civil Society pen muhdan tuamtuam, ngaihsutna tuamtuam leh interest tuamtuam te kituah khopna mun ahihi. Tua a hih manin civil society in dinmun pen mipite phattuamna ding-in (gtn: numei, sangnaupang, lokho mi, nasem mi, siavuante, lawyer te cih a kipan) thu neite tungah thusung (lobby) bawl ding hi. Gambup innpi ah a maute muhna leh thuakna te pulak theihna in uliante zol theih uh hi. Mipi aw pen thunei Uliante a zakna ding un nasem thei hi.
  • A sagihna in, democracy gam khantoh semna dingin, minam khat, kampau khat leh biakna khat bek bulphuh luat a nasepna pan in a kibanglo, minam, kampau leh biakna te tenkhop zia siam nading panla thei hi. Biakna leh minam kibanglo hita se leh, taangpi kibatna bulphuh in (gentehna: numei, lasiam, nasem, lokho sangnaupang cih bangin) na sep zia ding tha pia thei hi. Minam khat bek, biakna khat bek a ki cihluat na mun ah Democracy in zung kipkha zolo hi. A kibanglo nate a om khop theih ciangin kilawm hi. Pak huan ah pak nam khat bek pak lo in, a vom, a kang, a san, a eng cih bangin a pak ciangin et lawm suak zaw hi.
  • A giatna ah, civil society in hun thak ah gam makai leh mipi makai ding sinsakna mun a hihi. NGO leh civil society in mipi vai a thupi sak, mipi a huh ding khang thak makai leh gam makai ding pattah in huhna pia thei hi. Gam tampi ah mipi makai leh gam makai, numei makaite pen civil society te panpihna tawh mun a ngah tampi om khin zo hi.
  • A kuana ah, civil society in mipi kitang sap, mipi vai pen a kisapna bangin tangko khia thei hi. Hih pen mipi thu kizakna pan san bek hilo a, mipi sungah tangkona, ngaihsutna pulakna leh debating zangin pulak thei hi. Mipi vai thupi pen parliament ah a kikhensat ma hun in, khak tan thei hi.
  • A sawmna ah, civil society in minam kal buaina, gam sung buaina leh biakna kal buaina te vensakna dingin huhna leh panpihna pia thei hi. သင္တန္း tungtawn in khangnote, minam kal buainate siansak zia ding sinsak in mapang thei hi. Sepkhopna leh kiholimna tungtawn in buaina te vengsak na ding huh thei hi.
  • A sawm leh khatna ah, civil society in gambup kitelna ah thu man leh thutang tawh na a kisep leh sep loh encik thei hi. Party tawh kizop loh ding kisam a, kitelna munte ah thu man leh thu tangtawh na a kisep leh seploh et cik pen thupi mahmah hi. Democracy gam thak ah, hih bangin ekcikna a om kei leh kitelna pen khemna leh zuau tawh nasepna tam mahmah hi.

  1. Civil society pen kumpi tawh kilemlo ding, kumpite nasep khempeuh gensia, langpan ding cihna hilo hi. Kumpi lampan zong tua bang a muh ding hilo hi. Kumpi i nasep ding a huh, leh mipite kisapna a gen kipawlna a hihi.
  2. A tawpna dingin minam khat sungah mipi a ding na sem leh, palai sem ding a om kei leh gam hoih ngeilo hi. Zomi te ngeina ah " Lawm" kipawlna bangin i gam ah zong thu neite leh mipite kikal ah na hoih sem ding kisam hi. Mipite kisapna thu nei kumpite tungah a gen ding, mipite hoihna ding kumpite tanga nasem ding kisam hi. A beisa hun a i neih ngei mipi kipawlna hoih in i gam hong khangto sak ding hi.


Lungdam ing.
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