By Tual Khan Suan
Kawl gambup vaihawmna ding thukhunpi pen 1947 kum in Anti-Facist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) makaihna tawh khat vei, 1974 kum in Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) makaihna tawh khat vei, a gawm in nih vei kigelh a, Kawlgam in mikang te thuneihna pan suahtakna a ngah khit a kipan tu ni ciang dong thukhunpi (Constitution) nih a nei ngei kisuak hi. 1948 kum a kipan kizang kawlgam thukhunpi pen 1962 kum galkap mang Gen. Ne Win makaihna tawh galkap in Democracy kumpi khutsung pan in gambup thuneihna a suh khiat khit ciangin kizang thei nawnlo a hih manin kum (14) sung dam a, 1974 kum a kigelh thu khunpi leuleu pen 1988 kum galkap mangpi mah a hi Gen. Saw Maung makaihna tawh gambup thuneihna a suh khiat leuleu uh ciangin kizang nawnlo leuleu a hih manin kum (14) sung mah dam leuleu hi. Tua a hih manin I kawlgam ah gam bup thukhunpi nih vei kibawl ngei a, a nih tuak mah in a dam kum uh ( Kum 14 tuak mah dam hi) ki kim hi.
1988 kum September kha 18 ni in galkup mangpi te in gambup thu neihna a suh khiat hun uh a kipan tu hun ciang dong kawlgam ah thu khunpi omlo in thu kham leh thupiak ( Law and order) bek tawh a ki-uk a hihi.1990 kum May (27) ni ciangin galkap kumpi a hi State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) vaihawmna nuai ah gambup thunei ding kitelna kinei a, tua kitelna ah National League for Democracy (NLD) in palai panmun (parliamentary seat) 80% ngah a kitelna ah a zo vilvel hi. Lam khat pan in palai panmun 485 omna sung pan in 392 pen NLD in ngah hi. Galkap te panpih a hi National Unity Party (NUP) in palai panmun ( parliamentary seat) (10) bek ngah uh hi.
Galkap kumpi te I thusuah ( declaration) 1/90 sungah “ A hong piang ding Democracy gam thu khunpi ding pen mipi tel palai te bek in gelh thei ding hi” ( the representatives elected by the people are responsible for drafting a constitution for the future democratic state) a cih hangin a mau ( galkapte ) thu suah sa pen a mau mah in zuilo uh hi. Thukhunpi gelh theihna dingin galkap kumpi te in mipi deihteel palai te khut sungah gambup thu neihna aap ut lo uh hi.
Galkap kumpi te in gambup thuneihna a mau mah in a letsuak theihna ding un 1993 kum in thukhunpi gelh theihna dingin gambup khawmpi ( national convention) bawl kipan uh hi. Tua khawmpi kipat cil lai in 1990 May 27 ni a kitelna pan mipi deih party a hi NLD pan palai (86) a kah uh hangin 1995 kum ciangin tua palai te khawmpi ( NC) pan tawp uh hi. Tua khawmpi ah ngimna or lamlahna ( Objectives) nam guk (6) nei sak uh a, a numbat (6) na sungah “ mailam hun gamsung vaihawmna ah galkap te kihel theihna ding” cih thu om ahih manin , mipi te deihna tawh vaihawm ding lampi tuna ding kong khak tan hi. 1993 kum a ki bawl khawmpi or NC pan thukhunpi gelh pen zo siang theilo a hih manin 2005 February 17 pan March 13 ni ciangi khat vei nei kik leuleu in a zawh siang nailoh ciangin, 2005 December 6 ni in khat vei kipan kik leuleu uh hi.
Tua khawmpi ( national convention) tawh kisai thupai zia a tom in en kik leng;
(a) Vaihawm thuneihna ( Administrative Power)
Galkap kumpi makaihna tawh kibawl khawmpi (NC) deihna zui in kawlgam a kilam ciangin Democracy manlian a hihloh hangin democracy paizia lampi tung tawnsak sawm sam uh hi. Democracy sungah zong Parliamentary democracy hi lo a, Presidential Democracy paizia hong tot pih sawm uh a hih manin tua paizia tawh gam a kilam khia ding dan ahihi. Gamsung thuneihna sang pen a len ding pawlpen Pyidaungsu Hluttdaw or ( Parliament, Congress) a hihi. Tua Pyidawngsu Hluttaw pen gambup lutang President leh Vice-President te in makaih ding hi cih na gelh lai uh hi. A kigelhna sungah “ According to the forthcoming state constitution, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is the highest organization; President and Vice-President shall be responsible to Pyidawngsu Hluttaw is proper” na ci hi. Tua mun ah gambup President a sem thei ding mite neih ding pilna siamna ( Qualification) te pen (1) gamsungah kum (20) sung a teng suak mi hi ding,(2) Politik, vaihawmna ( administrative), galkap ( military) leh sumzonna ( economic ) lam ah theihna ( experience) a nei mi hi ding (3) A pasal, a zi leh a ta te in gamdang mi hi lo ding cih te thu na khung suk dimdiam uh hi. Hih thu teng en kik leng:((a) mipi palai ( deihteel hi in hi ta kei leh galkap pan a hi lo) te in a mau President leh Vice-President te thukimna om masa lo in a mau deih bangin mipi a ding sem thei lo ding hi. (b)President leh Vice-President a sem ding pen mipi palai te kituah khopna a hi Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or Parliament or Congress a kitel ding hilo a hih man in mimal (population) a tam pen a hi kawlmi te bek in ngah deng ding hi. (c) Mipi deih palai te deihna tawh gam vaihawmna suak thei lo ding a, President leh Vice-President te deihna bek tawh gam vaihawmna suak ding hi.
(b) Upadi bawl theihna ( Legislative Power)
Minam bup khawmpi ( National Convention) i lamlahna or ngimna ( objective) 6 na sunga om mah bangin gambup ( Union), gamke ( State) leh gamkhen ( Division) level khempeuh ah galkap mangpi ( Commander in Chief) deihtel mite 25% kihel kawikawi ding hi. Gentehna in palai panmun (200) omna lakah galkap te in panmun (50) pen teelkullo in ngah ziau ding hi. A omlai panmun (150) teng pen Kawlmi, Kachin, Karen, Kayah, Mon, Arakan, Shan, Chin ( Zo) leh minam dang te in sahawm in kihawm ding a, minam khat in a tampen panmun (10) val bek kingah thei ding hi. Tua a hih manin Zomi te a ding thu hoih vaihawm ding hi leh I thusun pen galkap te thukimpihna ngahlo in thu kikhensat zo ngeilo ding a hih manin galkap te pen I pu te hong suak taktak ta ding hi.
(c ) Thu khen theihna (Judicial Power)
Minam khawmpi ( national convention) pan a kigelh thukhunpi sungah thukhen theihna ( Judicial power) pen vaihawm thuneihna ( administrative power) tawh tuam khenna omlo a hih manin gambup lutang ( President) a sem peuh in a ma deihna banga thu khen ding mite bek thukhen theihna ( Judicial Power) pia ding hi. Khawmpi thukimna ( National Convention) pan a gelhna bangin cileng galkap tawh kisai thu leh la a vaihawm dingin galkap te in a tuam vilvel in thu khentheihna nei sak uh hi. Tua a hih manin galkap te in khialhna a neih uh hangin mipi mai ah thusitna thuak ngeilo ding uh hi.
A tom in en kik leng gambup khawmpi ( national convention) pen galkap kumpi te in a mau deih banga legally tak a thuneihna a ngah suak theihna ding uh ngimna tawh thukhunpi a gelh uh a hih mah bangin a mau deih banga a gamta mite a ding bek lampi hong sakna ding kong khak ahih manin mipi te a ding lampi kong honna hilo hi.Tua hi a, Hih khawmpi ( National Convention ) a kah Zomi khempeuh zong i Zomi a tam zaw te a ding i khualna leh i minam i itna hangin galkap te tawh kipawllo a, i mipi te mai i et zawk ding a hihi.
December 18,05
Kawl gambup vaihawmna ding thukhunpi pen 1947 kum in Anti-Facist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) makaihna tawh khat vei, 1974 kum in Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) makaihna tawh khat vei, a gawm in nih vei kigelh a, Kawlgam in mikang te thuneihna pan suahtakna a ngah khit a kipan tu ni ciang dong thukhunpi (Constitution) nih a nei ngei kisuak hi. 1948 kum a kipan kizang kawlgam thukhunpi pen 1962 kum galkap mang Gen. Ne Win makaihna tawh galkap in Democracy kumpi khutsung pan in gambup thuneihna a suh khiat khit ciangin kizang thei nawnlo a hih manin kum (14) sung dam a, 1974 kum a kigelh thu khunpi leuleu pen 1988 kum galkap mangpi mah a hi Gen. Saw Maung makaihna tawh gambup thuneihna a suh khiat leuleu uh ciangin kizang nawnlo leuleu a hih manin kum (14) sung mah dam leuleu hi. Tua a hih manin I kawlgam ah gam bup thukhunpi nih vei kibawl ngei a, a nih tuak mah in a dam kum uh ( Kum 14 tuak mah dam hi) ki kim hi.
1988 kum September kha 18 ni in galkup mangpi te in gambup thu neihna a suh khiat hun uh a kipan tu hun ciang dong kawlgam ah thu khunpi omlo in thu kham leh thupiak ( Law and order) bek tawh a ki-uk a hihi.1990 kum May (27) ni ciangin galkap kumpi a hi State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) vaihawmna nuai ah gambup thunei ding kitelna kinei a, tua kitelna ah National League for Democracy (NLD) in palai panmun (parliamentary seat) 80% ngah a kitelna ah a zo vilvel hi. Lam khat pan in palai panmun 485 omna sung pan in 392 pen NLD in ngah hi. Galkap te panpih a hi National Unity Party (NUP) in palai panmun ( parliamentary seat) (10) bek ngah uh hi.
Galkap kumpi te I thusuah ( declaration) 1/90 sungah “ A hong piang ding Democracy gam thu khunpi ding pen mipi tel palai te bek in gelh thei ding hi” ( the representatives elected by the people are responsible for drafting a constitution for the future democratic state) a cih hangin a mau ( galkapte ) thu suah sa pen a mau mah in zuilo uh hi. Thukhunpi gelh theihna dingin galkap kumpi te in mipi deihteel palai te khut sungah gambup thu neihna aap ut lo uh hi.
Galkap kumpi te in gambup thuneihna a mau mah in a letsuak theihna ding un 1993 kum in thukhunpi gelh theihna dingin gambup khawmpi ( national convention) bawl kipan uh hi. Tua khawmpi kipat cil lai in 1990 May 27 ni a kitelna pan mipi deih party a hi NLD pan palai (86) a kah uh hangin 1995 kum ciangin tua palai te khawmpi ( NC) pan tawp uh hi. Tua khawmpi ah ngimna or lamlahna ( Objectives) nam guk (6) nei sak uh a, a numbat (6) na sungah “ mailam hun gamsung vaihawmna ah galkap te kihel theihna ding” cih thu om ahih manin , mipi te deihna tawh vaihawm ding lampi tuna ding kong khak tan hi. 1993 kum a ki bawl khawmpi or NC pan thukhunpi gelh pen zo siang theilo a hih manin 2005 February 17 pan March 13 ni ciangi khat vei nei kik leuleu in a zawh siang nailoh ciangin, 2005 December 6 ni in khat vei kipan kik leuleu uh hi.
Tua khawmpi ( national convention) tawh kisai thupai zia a tom in en kik leng;
(a) Vaihawm thuneihna ( Administrative Power)
Galkap kumpi makaihna tawh kibawl khawmpi (NC) deihna zui in kawlgam a kilam ciangin Democracy manlian a hihloh hangin democracy paizia lampi tung tawnsak sawm sam uh hi. Democracy sungah zong Parliamentary democracy hi lo a, Presidential Democracy paizia hong tot pih sawm uh a hih manin tua paizia tawh gam a kilam khia ding dan ahihi. Gamsung thuneihna sang pen a len ding pawlpen Pyidaungsu Hluttdaw or ( Parliament, Congress) a hihi. Tua Pyidawngsu Hluttaw pen gambup lutang President leh Vice-President te in makaih ding hi cih na gelh lai uh hi. A kigelhna sungah “ According to the forthcoming state constitution, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is the highest organization; President and Vice-President shall be responsible to Pyidawngsu Hluttaw is proper” na ci hi. Tua mun ah gambup President a sem thei ding mite neih ding pilna siamna ( Qualification) te pen (1) gamsungah kum (20) sung a teng suak mi hi ding,(2) Politik, vaihawmna ( administrative), galkap ( military) leh sumzonna ( economic ) lam ah theihna ( experience) a nei mi hi ding (3) A pasal, a zi leh a ta te in gamdang mi hi lo ding cih te thu na khung suk dimdiam uh hi. Hih thu teng en kik leng:((a) mipi palai ( deihteel hi in hi ta kei leh galkap pan a hi lo) te in a mau President leh Vice-President te thukimna om masa lo in a mau deih bangin mipi a ding sem thei lo ding hi. (b)President leh Vice-President a sem ding pen mipi palai te kituah khopna a hi Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or Parliament or Congress a kitel ding hilo a hih man in mimal (population) a tam pen a hi kawlmi te bek in ngah deng ding hi. (c) Mipi deih palai te deihna tawh gam vaihawmna suak thei lo ding a, President leh Vice-President te deihna bek tawh gam vaihawmna suak ding hi.
(b) Upadi bawl theihna ( Legislative Power)
Minam bup khawmpi ( National Convention) i lamlahna or ngimna ( objective) 6 na sunga om mah bangin gambup ( Union), gamke ( State) leh gamkhen ( Division) level khempeuh ah galkap mangpi ( Commander in Chief) deihtel mite 25% kihel kawikawi ding hi. Gentehna in palai panmun (200) omna lakah galkap te in panmun (50) pen teelkullo in ngah ziau ding hi. A omlai panmun (150) teng pen Kawlmi, Kachin, Karen, Kayah, Mon, Arakan, Shan, Chin ( Zo) leh minam dang te in sahawm in kihawm ding a, minam khat in a tampen panmun (10) val bek kingah thei ding hi. Tua a hih manin Zomi te a ding thu hoih vaihawm ding hi leh I thusun pen galkap te thukimpihna ngahlo in thu kikhensat zo ngeilo ding a hih manin galkap te pen I pu te hong suak taktak ta ding hi.
(c ) Thu khen theihna (Judicial Power)
Minam khawmpi ( national convention) pan a kigelh thukhunpi sungah thukhen theihna ( Judicial power) pen vaihawm thuneihna ( administrative power) tawh tuam khenna omlo a hih manin gambup lutang ( President) a sem peuh in a ma deihna banga thu khen ding mite bek thukhen theihna ( Judicial Power) pia ding hi. Khawmpi thukimna ( National Convention) pan a gelhna bangin cileng galkap tawh kisai thu leh la a vaihawm dingin galkap te in a tuam vilvel in thu khentheihna nei sak uh hi. Tua a hih manin galkap te in khialhna a neih uh hangin mipi mai ah thusitna thuak ngeilo ding uh hi.
A tom in en kik leng gambup khawmpi ( national convention) pen galkap kumpi te in a mau deih banga legally tak a thuneihna a ngah suak theihna ding uh ngimna tawh thukhunpi a gelh uh a hih mah bangin a mau deih banga a gamta mite a ding bek lampi hong sakna ding kong khak ahih manin mipi te a ding lampi kong honna hilo hi.Tua hi a, Hih khawmpi ( National Convention ) a kah Zomi khempeuh zong i Zomi a tam zaw te a ding i khualna leh i minam i itna hangin galkap te tawh kipawllo a, i mipi te mai i et zawk ding a hihi.
December 18,05
