Zo
Minam leh Federal- Khen 1
Minam
leh Gam
Kawlte
Tangthu- Myanmar History,
Kawlgam sang laisim bu sung-ah gamkek mangkangte’n November 29, 1885 kum in “Kawl
Kumpi Thibaw (Min) zo in, a mat ni leh hun a kipan in Mangkang gamkekte ukna
nuai-ah Kawlgam bup i tung hi” ci’n kisin a, khial hetlo na pi’n man khinlo hi.
Kawl minamte tangthu kisin a hih manin gamkek Mangkangte’n Kawl kumpi a zawh ni
uh pen Kawl minam khempeuh Mangkangte ukna nuai a tun ni/hun a hih manin khiallo
hi, a ci i hihi. A man khitlohna lam panin gen leng, tua hun lai a Kawlgam (
Thibaw Kumpi ukna gam) pen tuhun a (1948 January 4 khit) Kawlgam (Union of Myanmar)
kici tawh kibang lo hi. Gamkek Mangkang leh Kawl minam gal thumvei kidona (Third
Anglo-Burmese War) gal bei ni 1885
November 29 ni leh hun laitak in Kawl Kumpi Thibaw (Min) in tuhun a Zogam (Chin
State), Kachin State, Shan State leh Karenni State cihte uk ngeilo hi. Tuhun a
Kawlgam ci a, leitung gamlim a i muh theih gam pen 1947 kum Pinlong thukimna
zui a Shan, Kachin leh Chin (Zo) minam leh Kawl minamte in lung kituak a, thu
kimna tawh i phuh khop gam a hihi. Mangkang gamket te’n Thibaw (Min) Kumpi ukna
a lak hunlai tak un, Zogam pen kuamah ukna nuai ah omlo in, a suakta gam in om
lai hi.
Mangkang
gamkekte in Kawlgam a uk zawh khit tak uh ciangin a mau ukna nuai a om khin India
gam tawh kizopna dingin Zogam sung kantan kul a hih manin Zogam pen zin leh
vakna ah tot dingin mun kisam khat hong suak hi. Mangkang gamkekte a dingin
Zogam pan leisung sumpiang leh hauhna thu-ah a kisamlua a hihloh hangin
khualzin gamvakna lampi a dingin kisam a hih manin Zogam pen a mau ukna nuai-ah
koih ding khensatna nei uhhi. Mangkang gamkekte in Zogam a teng minamte pen
thauvui thautang tawh do ding sangin thu leh la tawh zawh ding hanciam masa
uhhi. A hizongin Mangkangte Zomite thudam tawh a mau ukna nuai a om ding zol zolo
uh a, a tawp ciangin thatang, thauvui thautang zangin Zogam hong sim uhhi.
Zogam a teng minamte in zong thau, lum leh tei zangin tha tang tawh Mangkangte lehdo
kik uh hi na pi’n na zozo lo uhhi. Gamkek mangkangte in, 1896 kum ciangin The
Chin Hills Regulation, (1896) thukhun bawl in Zogam ah ukna leh vaihawmna neizo
ta uhhi. Thibaw Kumpi ukna Kawl minam gam sungah Mangkangte in ukna a neih khit
kum (10) val khit ciangin Mangkangte in Zogam hong ukzo pan uh a hihi.
Mangkang
gamkekte in Zogam a lak ma hun-in, Zogam a teng minamte pen hausa ukna (Chieftainship)
nuai ah, khua khat teh hausa khat tawh a vaihawm in ei leh ei a ki-uk minam a
hihi. Khua thak a sat masa pen in hausa sem pah a, khuasung ah vaihawm upa
ding- Siampu, Siksek, Tangko leh tui khuk khuat ding pen hausa pa in sehpah hi.
Khua khat leh khat pen sa le gal bangin kinei uh a, thu neuno khat hang or thu
dang khatpeuh (leiba thangba, zu le sa, u leh nau kal, mo leh tek kal cih a
kipan) tawh lungkim lohna a kineih uhteh khua khat leh khat kisim in a hat
zawzaw in a lel zaw lamte khua zang bup mei tawh hal in, pasal thahat teng that
in, numei-naupangteng sal in man thei uhhi. Gal man sa man ci a, gal-ai a cihte
uh pen mun dang gam dang pek pan a minam dangpi zong hi khinlo a, mo man hang
peuh, zu hai khat hang peuh tawh kilung kimlo in sung leh pu khong leh khuavengte
khong kisim/kisuamna pan a kiman/kithat khong peuh na hi theihi. A thahat
zawzaw in khuaneu leh a zolo dingteng sim in, pasal teng that in numei leh
naupangteg sal in man cih tam mahmah hi. (Note: Mipil khat in Zomite pen
Mangkang gamkekte hong tung kei leh a kithat mang ding minam hi hang ci’n
comment pia ngeihi). Hausa thahat zawte in a zawhsa khua neute ah, a mau
deihsak or a tanaute hausa sem dingin sawl thei hi. Zogam a teng Zomite pen
Hausa khat in khua khat ah ukna nei in tua khua ah siah leh tang kai in a om
minam hi zaw a, gambup (State) kivai puak zia tawh ki-ukna leh vaihawmna a nei
zo taktak ding Hausa tamlo hi.
Minam
khat i minam vai zia leh tong ciaptehna (Characteristics of National Identity) in
leitungah minam kician in ciaptehna ngahna dingin a kisam penpen thute a hihi.
Tua in, Leitung mun khatpeuh ah a omsa minamte tawh kituam danna lahna hi a,
minam tuam khat hihna kilatna hoih pen a hihi. Minam khat a ciaptehna ngah
theihna ding a kisam thute zui in minam khat leh khat zong kituam khen theihna
om hi. Mite in Zomite pen minam khat a hong ciapteh theihna dingun, Zomite in
minam dang khatpeuh tawh a kibanglo tua ciaptehna thute kician takin i neih
ding a kisam a hihi. Gam khat neih theihna ding, or Gamkhat sungah minam khat
hihna tawh gamgi khenna neih nading in minam khat a tuam vilvel hihna kisam hi.
Minam khat a ciaptehna dingin hih a nuai a lamlahna leh etkakna tawh tehkak in ciaptehna
leitung bup ah kizang hi.
1.
Gamhuam
leh gamgi (Territory and Boundary) –
Gamhuam leh gamgi i cih pen i tenna leh luahna gamhuam kician neihna a gen hi
a, kammal dangkhat in gen leng i tenna mun leh mual ( inhabited area) kici thei
hi. Minam khat in tua a tenna, luahna mun leh gam ah a mau minam a tamten pen na
mun hi dinga, tua minamte in a luahsa gamsung ah nekzonna kibang tawh sawtpi a teng
khitna uh hangin, tua gam pen itna nei ding uhhi. Tua gamhuam, mun leh mual pen
zang gam, ken gam leh sing le suang, mual le guam, luitui tamna gam zong hi
thei hi.
2.
Taang
kam leh lai ( Common language and Literature) - Taangkam leh lai cih tak ciangin “kammal” khat pen
“a khiatna/a deihna” kibang a kitel kimna cih hi a, tua kammal leh laimal bulpi
deihna kikhek lo in a deihna pen kitelkimna a gennuam a hihi. Awkaih (accent)
kibatloh hangin tua kammal leh lai i deihna kibang a zang khawm minam a gen
nuam a hihi. Gampawl khat taangkam nih leh thum a zang gam pawlkhat om theihi. (Eg.
Canada leh Switzerland gamte ah Taang kam dingin kampau nih bang kizang hi.)
3.
Taang
ngeina ( Common Culture) –
Gamkhat a phut ding or Gamkhat sungah gamke/gamkhen khat nei ding minam in
Taang ngeina a neih ding kisam hi. Taang ngeina cih tak ciangin gam luahnazia,
mo pizia (Kitenna zia), pusa pasa leh biakna, nik ten puansilh, khanglui zia le
tong leh nuntak nekzona kibatnate a hihi. Minam kician khat in ngeina kician
khat a neih ding kisam hi.
4.
Gam
leh nam vai deihna ( Political Desire)- Minam leh gam itna, veina bulphuhna hang tawh gam
khat leh gamke khat a tuamdin ding lunggulhna leh deihna lianpi neih ding kisam
hi. Minam leh gam itna hangin tua gamhuam sunga minamte lung kituak in hun
sawtpi teng khawm a hihna tawh minam leh gam itna bulphuh in gambup or gamke a
om ding lungulhna leh deihna kician neih
kul hi.
5.
Taang
Tangthu (Common History)-
Minam khat in a beisa khang tangthu kician leh minam tangthu kician neih ding thupi
in kisam hi. A beisa in tua minam te luahna mun leh mual, taang kam leh lai,
taang ngeina leh pupa zia leh tong, gam le nam itna a kibang in kician tak in
neihna lah khiatna dingin tangthu kician neih ding kisam hi.
Hih
thuteng pen Leitung ah minam khat a ciaptehna ngahna ding leh minam khat i neih
ding zia le tongte kanna leh tehna dingin a kizui lamlahna a hihi. Hih thute pansan
in minam khat leh minam dangkhat kilamdanna kiteh kak thei hi.
Minam
khat a ciaptehna ding a thu kicing a om khit tak ciangin tua minamte in gam nei
ngei hiam cih kikan leuleu hi. Mihingte in a mau tenna mun peuhpeuh a mau gam
hikhin pahpah lo a hih manin minam khat i gam a hihna tehna leh etkakna ding in
thuzuih pawlkhat kikhung hi.
Gamkhat
a kiciapteh theihna dingin mun leh mual huam kician (Unit Located) a om kul a,
tua gam huam sung a, a teng gammite hoih tak a, a uk leh vaihawm khumzo kumpi (
Ukpi/Hausa) a om ding kisam hi. Ukna leh vaihawman i cih teh a pualam gam
khatpeuh in tua gamsung ukna leh vaihawmna ah thu neihkhumna, deepna
(influence) omlo in a mau gam sungah a mau ( thunei mite in) a vaihawm theihna cihna
ahihi. Gamsung a teng gammite in tua gam sungah gammi khat i ngah ding tanvo
leh hamphatnate thukhun zui in ngah thei bek thamlo in, gambup leh ukna nei vaihawmte
i huutna leh kepcingna ngah dinguh a, gammite in zong gambup tungah ciampello
in citak ding uhhi. (Note:- tua gam sunga gammi dinmun (status) a ngahlo a
teng mi (Alien) zong om thei ding hi). Ukna thuneihna i cih pen Kumpi in
gamdang kumpite thunuai a omlo in, gam sungah a ma deihna tawh kituak in ukna
leh vaihawmna a nei thei, ukna leh vaihawmna a nei ding thukhun a bawl thei leh
gamsung ah thu sia la sia a om tak ciangin thu khenna a pia thei ding vaihawmpawl
or Kumpi thuneihna a hihi. Thuneihna sang pen a nei gam (Sovereign Country) in
a mau gamsung leh gamdang tawh kizopna vai ah gamdang khatpeuh i kikausiphumna
tawh nasemlo gam a hihi. Leitung bup mite (International community) in gam khat
in ciaptehna a neih ding uh tak ciangin 1) A kiciamteh gamkhen/huam (a defined
territory), 2) A tawntung a teng milip/mal ( a permanent population),3) Gamsungah
vaihawmna a nei zo kumpi ( an effective government) leh 4) Gamdang tawh kizopna
zawhna ding a thahat kumpi ( the capacity to enter into relations with other
states) cih thute tawh tehkak in ciamteh uhhi.
Zomite
in leitung a minam tampi sung pan in minam khat a ciaptehna ding a kisam thu
leh la a kicingin i nei hi. Minam khat i hih bek thamlo in, i pu leh pate in a
luahsuk gam uh gamhuam kician i nei a, gampua lam panin Kawl leh Vaite ukna
nuai ah omlo in ei leh ei a ki-uk ngei minamte i hihi.
Date:
October 27, 2019
Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen -2 na
zop lai ding….
