Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Gam-uk kumpi nam phuhkhiatzia (Forms of Government)

Thuneihna lamkhiatzia (hawmzia) siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Structure) leh Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Source) ci’n leitung kumpi gamah vaihawmzia khenpi nih in kikhen thei hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 4

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Thuneihna Mungpi Thum

Belpawl gam (Federal State) lamkhiatzia tawh gam kiphut hi, cih tak ciangin gamkhat i thuneihna mungpi nam (3) teng pen munkhat ah gawmkhawm lo in bial (Constituent Units) kici gamke, gamkhente ah thuneihna hawmkim in mapang khawm a vaihawmna a hihi. A mun leh mual a om ukna nei vaihawm kumpite in a mau’ tung a kihawm thuneihna zattheihna ciangtawh a mau leh a mau leh a mau ki-ukna (Self-rule) leh gambup i mawhpuak (bial in a mau leh a mau mawhpuakna a lak theihlohnate) thute ah Ukna neikhawm (shared rule) zatna gam-ukna nam a hihi. Ei leh ei ki-ukna (self-rule) a vaihawm ding thute in: (i) Ei mun leh gam – gamke, gamkhen bek tawh kisai tengbek hi cih thute: Gentehna in- minam ngeina, lai, pau leh tangthu, pupa luahsa gam leitang vai cihte pawl pen a mun a mual a teng mite vai hizaw hi. (ii) Ei mun leh gam uk vaihawm kumpite in gel in sem leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna in – Vanzat bawlna khawl leh nasem mite zuih ding paiziate, mun leh mual khantohna ding (local development), gamke, gamkhen sung sang laisimna (Basic Education) pilna, mun leh mual pan a piang nate tungpan phiangsiah kaihnate a hihi. Ukna neikhawm (shared Rule) ding a kisapna munte pen: (i) Gambup kumpi tawh zong kisai a kikoih thute: Gentehna- Bitna (Defense), Lai-to (Postal Services), Sum (Monetary), gamdang tawh kizopna (Foreign affairs) pen gamkhat sungah vaihawmzia khat bek omleh a hoih nam a hihi. (ii) Gambup kumpi in vaihawmna nei leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna – Cidamna (Health), kim le pam kepbitna (Environmental issues), gambup sum le pai zonna (Economic policy), Pilna sang sinna (Higher education), leisung sumpiang (natural resources) cihte pawl a hihi. Belpawl gam (Federal State) sung-ah bang thuneihnate pen gamke, gamkhen in len ding a bang thu neihnate pen gambup in len ding cih kihawmkimna pen Gambup kumpi leh gamke, gamkhen kumpite kikal ah kithu kimna (covenant) zui in kisuai hi a, gam khat leh khat ah hawmkimna kibang khin theilo hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 3

Suahtakna leh Thuneihna Sangpen (Sovereign Power)

Leitung galpi nihna ( World War II) leh gamkek opkhum hun bei khit (Post Colonialism) ciangin leitungbup politics vai ah nitumna lam gamte leh nisuahna lam gamte ci’n khenpi nih hong piang hi. Nitumna lam gamhuam sunga om gamte pen USA in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Democracy paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Capitalism thapia uhhi. Nisuahna lam gamhuam sung a om gamte pen Russia (tua hun in USSR) in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Communism paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Socialism thapia uhhi. Sehpi nih a kisuah  leitung mun tuamtuam a teng minamte in minam vai (Nationalism) khanglo mahmah uha, a mau minamte suahtakna ding nasep leh malakna in mun khempeuh zel hi. Democracy paizia (ki-ukna) ngahna ding, ei-le-ei deihtelna (self-determination) ding kammal siksan in minam suahtakna in malakna leh dona meikuang bangin hat hi.