Suahtakna
leh Thuneihna Sangpen (Sovereign Power)
Leitung
galpi nihna ( World War II) leh gamkek opkhum hun bei khit (Post Colonialism)
ciangin leitungbup politics vai ah nitumna lam gamte leh nisuahna lam gamte
ci’n khenpi nih hong piang hi. Nitumna lam gamhuam sunga om gamte pen USA in makaih
a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Democracy paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Capitalism thapia
uhhi. Nisuahna lam gamhuam sung a om gamte pen Russia (tua hun in USSR) in makaih
a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Communism paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Socialism thapia
uhhi. Sehpi nih a kisuah leitung mun tuamtuam
a teng minamte in minam vai (Nationalism) khanglo mahmah uha, a mau minamte
suahtakna ding nasep leh malakna in mun khempeuh zel hi. Democracy paizia (ki-ukna)
ngahna ding, ei-le-ei deihtelna (self-determination) ding kammal siksan in minam
suahtakna in malakna leh dona meikuang bangin hat hi.
Gamkek
opkhumna hun bei a minam tuamtuamte’n suahtakna ngahin gamthak hong piang khia a,
tua gamthak pawlkhat sungah buaina in hong sulzuih pah hi. Tua buainate i etkik
ciangin a hang thupi nih in kimu thei hi. Gamsung vaihawmna ah thumeilet leh
upna kibatlohna hang leh, tua gamsung a teng minamte in a gam suahtakna ding
ngimna a nasepna ah minam bulphuh luatna (nationalism) ultung saknate a hihi.
Gamsung vaihawmna ah thumeilet leh upna kibat lohna hanga buaina a om gamte pen
nisuahna gamte makai Russia (USSR) i huzapna nuai a om kha gamte sungah kimu
zaw hi. Hih gamte a minam kibang a hih hangin thumeilet leh upna kibanglo a hih
manin a mau sungah buaina piang hi.A hihhangin gam pawlkhat ah bel minam vai
mah tawh zong a buaina om veve hi. Gentehna in Germany, Vietnam leh Korea gamte
ah thu meilet leh upna hangin buaina a om hangin, Yugoslavia gam bangah minam
vai mah bulphuh in buaina om hi. Minam vai (nationalism) hang a buaina om gamte
a hih leh nitumna lam gamte makai USA i huzapna nuai a om gamte sungah kimu zaw
hi. Gentehna in Turkey leh Iraq gamgi zui a teng Kurt minamte, Palestine
gambuaina, Sri Lanka gamsung a Tamil minam buaina, India gamsung a buaina leh
Kawlgam sunga buainate pen minam bulphuh buaina hi zaw hi.
Gamkek
opkhumna pan in minam leh gam suahtakna ding hanciamna ah Democracy paizai zui
a vaihawmna leh ei-le-ei deihtelna (self-determination) bulphuh a vaihawmna
neih ding tangkona (slogan) kinei hi. Democracy paizia a vaihawmna pen mimal/milip
i suahtakna, deihna bulphuh a kigel hi a, Minam vai (nationalism) masuanna in
minam bup i suahtaklohna leh ukkhumnate thuaklahna pan hong piang thu bulphuh a
na sepna a hihi. Kammal dang khat zang a gen hileng, Democracy vaihawmna in
mimal hamphatna (individual rights) manphatna thupi bawl a, minam vai
(nationalism) in mibup hamphatna (Collective rights) manphatna thupi bawl hi. A
taktak in Democracy paizia zui in vaihawmna kilawhcing hileh, mi a tamzaw
deihna zui in thu kigel dinga, mi a tawmzaw deihna kidal (protect) sak in,
minam vai bulphuhna (Nationalism) buaina
tampi tak vengsak thei ding a hihi.
A
hizongin minam leh gam khat sunga buaina khempeuh pen Democracy vaihawmna in a
veng sak thei hi tuanlo hi. Buaina a kipatna a hang leh buaina a pianna zungpi kancian
in, a hang bulpi tawh kituak a thoihna in buaina veng sak zaw hi. Minam vai
bulphuhna (nationalism) hang a piang buaina i et ciangin tua gam sunga
suahtakna deih minamte in gambup a om miphazah tawh etkakna in a minam tamzaw
hilo pelmawh hi. Gentehna in Kawlgam suahtakna ngah pan kipan buaina ah a om
den Karen minam te pen Kawlgam bup minam i 7% kim khongbek pha hi. (Kawlgam
population ah Burma 68%, hi a, Karen 7%) kim hi). Democracy paizia zui in a
tamzaw deihna tawh buaina vensak a sawm bang hi leng, Kawl mi 68 sung pan Karen
7 hi ding a, Karen mi deihna in zo ngeilo ding a buaina veng tuanlo ding hi. Hih
pen minamvai bulphuh a buaina thu hi a, mimal a tawm leh a tam tawh (a tamzaw
deihna zuihna) a veng thei nam hilo hi. Kawlgam sungah Democracy paizia a zui
in mun khempeuh ah thu a gel ding hileng Kawlgam i milip 68% a pha Kawl mite
deih banghang zuih det hong suak hi.
Democracy
omloh man a piang buaina pen Democracy paizia tawh vai kihawm leh veng thei hi.
Democracy vaihawmna kizui ziau leh mipi lungkim in buaina om nawnlo hi. Minamvai
bulphuh a piang buaina pen democracy bek in vengsak zolo hi. Gentehna in UK gam
in Democracy gam a hi zenzen hangin Irish (IRA) tawh kikal buaina veng tuanlo
hi. Kawlgam sung buaina kipat cilna Parliamentary Democracy in vengsak zolo
suak hi. Tua hangin Galkap kumpi in gam a uk theihna dingun paulap hoih nei hong
suak hi.
Minam
bulphuhna (nationalism) tawh suahtakna ngahna ding kitomna pan a piang gamsung
buai vensakna ding lampi kician nih om thei hi. A masa pen a hihleh, tua
minamte in a mau gam leh minam vai-ah a mau deihna bangin uk leh vaihawmna a
neih theihna dingun suahtakna a ngah uh ciangin buaina veng hi. Gentehna in
Bangladesh (East Pakistan) in Pakistan gam panin suahtakna a ngah ciangin, Croatia
leh Slovenia gamte in Yugoslavia gamsung pan suahtakna a ngah tak ciangin tua
gamsung buaina veng hi. Gamsung buaina vensakna dingin gam pawlkhat ah gal le sa
tawh kido kul thei a, pawlkhat leuleu pen thu dam tawh vaihawmna hangin buaina
vensakna om thei hi.
Minamvai
nasepna pan a piang buaina vensakna ding a nihna pen a hihleh gamsung ah
Democracy paizia zui-in Federal gamlam khiatzia tawh gam phuhkhiat na hangin buaina
veng hi. Switzerland gam pen etteh tak gam khat a hihi. Switzerland ah German,
French leh Italian minampi thum bang a ten khopuh hangin gamke, gam khente a
mau tawh kituak thuneihna khen/pia uh a hih manin a kipat cil a kipan in minam vai-ah
buaina pianglo hi. Hih mun ah dotnop leh gennop khat om thei ding hi. USSR leh
Yugoslavia gamte zong Federal gam lamkhiat zia tawh kilam hi na pi’n bang
hangin buaina venglo cih om thei ding hi. A mau gamte in Federal gam lamkhiat
zia a zat uh hangin Communist ki-ukzia zui in bulpi kumpi in ukcip khum a hihman
in gamke,gamkhen ah thuneihna omlo hi cih ding a hihi. A diakin Russia (USSR) gam-ah
gamke,gamkhente in thuneihna kihawmkimlo a hih manin minam vai bulphuh in
suahtakna ngetna meituang bangin hat hi. Michael Gorbachev in Russian (USSR) gambup
thuneihna la in a gam-uh Federal diktak tawh puahkik a sawm hangin zaikai luata
a, December 26, 1991 in USSR gam kiphel kham hi.
Kawlgam
sungah zong minam thuneihna ding hanciamna pen gamtuam sat ding cih ngimna hi
masa lo a, gamke leh gamkhen khempeuh thuneihna hawmkim ding deihna tawh federal
diktak gam lamkhiat zawhna ding ngimna hizaw hi. Tu laitak a Kawlgam sung
buaina pen satanh kikimlohna hang a piang, thuneihna kihawmkim lohna hang piang
buaina a hih manin federal diktak tawh kipuah pha leh gamsung buaina a veng
ding a hihi. Minamte thuneihna kikim ding a phallo Bo Ne Win in gambup
thuneihna sutkhiat in minamvai nasepna a sukmit a sawm hangin, mitsak zolo in
gamsung buaina sosang semsem zaw hi. Kawlgam sung gamvai buaina zungpi in minam
buaina pan hong piang hi a, minamvai thuneihna kihawm kimlohna leh democracy paizia
tawh vaihawmna a beina hang a hihi.
Thu
neihna sangpen (Sovereign Power) i cihin Leitung maitang ah minam khat (or)
minam tampi gawmkhop gamkhat a din zawhna ding a kisam penpen a hihi: Tua
thuneihna sangpan i cih sungah 1. Gamsung vaihawmna ding thukhun bawl theihna
(Legislative Power) 2. Vaihawmna leh Ukna thu neihna (Administration Power) 3. Thu
khensat theihna (Judicial Power) hi a, gamdang khatpeuh i huzaapna omlo in ukna
leh vaihawm theihna a hihi. Hun khat lai in a thuneihna sangpne kici in Kumpi
(King), Kumpi nu (queen)te tung bek a om bangin kisang a, Kumpite sisan tawh
kizom ( kikhen theilo) bangin kikoih hi. Kumpi bek i ukna (Absolute Monarchy)
hun lai in a tunga thu neihna nam thumte pen pianpih thuneihna bangin kikoih a,
kumpi innsung pan a piang mite bek i neihtheih in kisang hi. A hizongin kum
zalom (20) hun ciangin mipilte thu ngaihsutna hong kikhel a, hih thu neihna
nampi thumte in gam mite tung pan kipan hi a, gammite neihsa hi zaw hi cih
kiptak in khutlet in kinei theita hi. Thu neihna nam thumte pen gam mipi in
kumpi vaihawmna (Government Institute) tungah a ap man bek a thunei mite in a
zang thei uh hi ci’n kipom theita hi. Gamuk kumpite a hilo a, mipi a hi zaw hi
ci’n kimu thei ta hi. Thuneihna pen mimal or mi khenkhat tung bek ah om hilo a,
mipi tungah om a hih manin kumpi te’n lencip zo nawnlo uhhi.
Leitung
gamte in gambup thu neihna or a sangpen thuneihna pen koi ah om hiam cih etna tawh
tua gam i ki-ukna hoih leh hoihlo kikhen thei hi. 1947 Kum Kawlgam thukhunpi
sungah Gambup thu neihna in mipi tungah om hi ci’n kigelh hi. 1974 kum Kawlgam
thukhunpi sungah Gambup thu neihna in gambup tungah om hi ci’n kigelh hi. 2008
kum Kawlgam thukhunpi sungah Gambup thu neihna pen gammite tung pan in hong
tuak khia a, gambup ah om hi ci’n kigelh hi. Kawlgam thukhunpi thum sung en
leng, 1947 kum thukhun pi bek in gambup thuneihna pen mipi tunga om a hihna kiptak
in gen a, 1974 leh 2008 kum a te in mipi tung ah om nawnlo ( paikhia khin) a
hihna kilang sak hi.
Tuhun
a USA gam in zong Gamkek Mangkangte ukna nuai pan suahtakna dingin thu neihna
sangpen a nei gamke (state) 13 kipawl khawm in na do khawm uhhi. Gualzawhna a ngah
uh ciangin zong tua gamke (state) 13 te pen a suakta or thu neihna sangpen a
nei gam khat tek in ding thei/zo dinghi na pi’n kipawl khopna i hoihna leh
phattuamna thei uh a hih manin belpawl gam (federal) in gam phut khiat uh a, tu
in gamke (50) kigawm zo suak hi. 1906 kum a gamke (6) thukimna tawh a kiphuh
Australia gam zong belpawl gam in kiphuh hi a, tu in Federal Territories (10) kibeh
lap hi. Hih gamnihte en pak leng gamke khempeuh in kipawlkhopna i manphatna thei
uh a hih manin, gambup pan pusuah ding genlo uhi. Belpawl gam i phattuamna
gamke khempeuh in zal zo kha a hih manin gamke khatpeuh tang din ut nawnlo
uhhi. Gamsung phuh khiat zia leh vaihawm zia hoih peuh in thuneihna kitam kim
peuh leh kuamah pusuak selo in lungkim lel hi.
2008
kum Kawlgam thukhunpi sung ah thu neihna sangpen a kipsuak na ding gambup
thumeilet in gelh uhhi. Belpawlgam hangin USSR leh Yugoslavia gamte kiphelkhap
hi ci’n paulap zong uh a, belpawl gam (Federal) pen gamsung kisiatna ding hi ci
thu zong uhhi. USSR gam or Yugoslavia gam leh USA or Australia gamte i gamlam
khiat zia, gam ukzia leh vaihawmzia, thu neihna hawmzia te eng leng kilam danna
tampi kimu thei hi. Federal i kiciaptehna khat bel thuneihna hawmkimna hi a,
bulpi kumpi leh gamke, gamkhen kumpi kikal ah thu neihna bangci kihawm cih tawh
kiteh kak hi. USSR or Yugoslavia gamte pen Federal a hih sam hangin Communism
zui in bulpi pan thuneihna khempeuh lencip uh a hihmanin gamke, gamkhen in a mau
ukna huamsunga policy khat a sepsuahna dingun thukhun bawl theilo, sep ding
zong Bulpi kumpi in khak tan hi. USA leh Australia gamte ah tua bangin hilo in
gamke, gamkhen in a mau ukhna huamsung a om mipite kisapna zui in policy nei
theihi. Tua hi a, thu neihna sangpen kikhenkhapna pen Federal gam lam khiatna
hang hilo zaw in, thu neihna hawm kimlohna hang hi zaw hi. Lamkhat pan cileng Bulpi
kumpi in ukcipna nuai a om na hang a hihi. Thuneihna sangpen a kipsuak na
dingin Federal gamlam khiatzia tawh kituak gamsung ukna leh vaihawmna neih ding
kisam hizaw hi. Federal gamlam khiat zia tawh kituak lo gamsung vaihawm zia a
hi Communism ki-ukna hangin a gam uh kikhenkham hi zaw hi. Thuneihna sangpen kiphelkhapna
a hang pen Federal gamlam khiat zia hang hilo zaw a, kituaklo thu nih a kibulh
khak man hi zaw hi.
Date
November 05,2019
Tual
Khan Suan
