Zo
Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5
Gam-uk
kumpi nam phuhkhiatzia (Forms of Government)
Thuneihna
lamkhiatzia (hawmzia) siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power
Structure) leh Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power
Source) ci’n leitung kumpi gamah vaihawmzia khenpi nih in kikhen thei hi.
A. Thuneihna lamkhiatzia siksan a
kilam kumpi nam (Forms
of Government by Power Structure) sungah: (i) Kumpi omlo ukna (Anarchy), (ii)
Suakta gam gawmkhawm (Confederation), (iii) Belpawl gam (Federal) leh (iv)
Lomkhom gam (Unitary) ci’n a khilkhil in kikhen suk thei hi.
(i)
Kumpi
omlo ukna (Anarchy):
Khuasung, tualsung leh gamsung ah thu neihna sangpen panmun a len ding mipi
thapiak om tuanlo in mi khempeuh in a mau utna leh deihna tawh gamtatna,
vaihawmna nam a hihi. A kip a kho vaihawm kumpi omlohna gam hi a, gamsung
buaina (galvai savai, haksatna tuamtuam) hang pan a pianna kitam muh zaw hi.
Thuneihna nei makai omloh manin mipi a phengtat, a thangtat zelzulna a hihi. Thu
neihna kikhil suk diediu a ukna (Bureaucratic) leh vaihawmna nuai a utlo
khuasung, tualsung leh gamsung makai pawlkhat a dingin ut bangbang sepna dingin
hun hoih khat a suak hi.
(ii)
Suakta
gam gawmkhawm (Confederation):
Thuneihna sangpen a nei gamte in a mau gamtek i metna ding gelna tawh thukimna (Treaty)
zui a kipawlkhop ding gelna nam a hihi. A diak in sumbawlna, bitna (defense),
leh vai haksa (crisis) hun-ah sepkhop ding gelna nei a, kipawlkhop a sepna
hangin matutna a om zaw thute ah ki mu zaw hi. Kiciamna leh thukimna a nei gam
khempeuh pen a suakta gam vive ahih manin gam khat leh gam khat a mau i gamsung
vai kisawk pih theilo uh a, vai a kihawm ciangin zong a kivai hawm bangbang
zuih kimciat dinghy, ci’n pumsawl theih hilo hi.
(iii)
Belpawl
gam (Federal): Gam
khat kumpi in a gamke leh gamkhente tawh ukna thuneihna kihawm in gamsung
vaihawmna nam hi-a, gamke/gamkhen sungah gambup kumpi in kikausiphum mawk
theilo ban-ah, gambup vai tawh kisai thute ah gamke/gamkhen kumpi in a mau
deihna bangin thu khensat ziau theilo hi. Gambup ukna leh vaihawmna ding pen
gambup thukhunpi sungah kigelhna kizui tek a, thuneihna khengval a zat theihloh
ding dalna a kibawl a hihi. Gamke leh gamkhente pen a suakta gam or thuneihna
sangpen a nei gam hilo hi.
(iv)
Lomkhop
gam (Unitary):
Bulpi kumpi (Central Government) in gambup thu neihna khempeuh a letcipna gam nam
hi a, gamke leh gamkhente sungah a mau nasepna zui in a piak ciang simloh mun
le mual ukna neikumpi (regional government) in thuneihna len khalo hi. Na khempeuh
bulpi kumpi i phalna lo tawh kisep theihlohna gam a hihi. Leitunga ah gam a
tamzaw in lomkhop gam tawh kilam khiat hi belbel hi.
B. Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi
nam (Forms of
Government by Power Source) sunga kilamkhiat leitung gamte khilpi (3) in kikhen
thei hi. Tuate in (i) Ukcip mite ukna (Autocracy), (ii) Teltuam mite ukna
(Oligarchy) leh (iii) Mipi tangmi ukna (Democracy) a hihi.
(i)
Ukcip
mite ukna (Autocracy):
Gamkhat i a sangpen thuneihna in mikhat or pawlkhat khutsung bek-ah kihumcip a
midang tawh kihawmlo vaihawmna leh gam-ukna nam a hihi. Gam-uk thuneihna
(executive power), thukhun bawl thuneihna (legislative power) leh thukhen
thuneihna (judicial power) khempeuh a mau (tuate) khutsung ah om ahih manin a
mau (tuate) pen a lianpen/thunei pen suak uhhi. A maute deihna bang bek in na
kisem thei cihna ahihi. Hih ukcip mite ukna nam sungah zong a khil neuneu in om
lai a, Ukcip kumpi (absolute monarchy), Totalitarian, Dictatorship cih bangin a
khilneu in kikhel suk theilai hi.
(ii)
Teltuam
mite ukna (Oligarchy):
Teltuam mi tamlote ukna leh thuneihna tawh vaihawmna dinga ukna thuneihna
kihawm hi a, mipi nautang tungah thuneihna kipialo hi. Tua teltuam mi tawmkha i
cihte pen sum leh pai hau (wealth), nampi suan le khak (nobility), Innkuan
kizopna (Family ties), biakna thunei mite (Religious Leaders) leh thagum zang thei
nam (Army) mite kihel hi. Thuneihna pen tua mitawm cikte sung panin a kiluahsuk
ding kigeel nam ahihi. South Africa gamsung 1990 ma ciangciang in Mangkang
mitawm cikte in mivom mi tamzawte a uk khum dan a hihi. China, Saudi Arabia
gamte ah kimu thei hi.
(iii)
Mipi
tangmi ukna (Democracy): Mipi
in a mau mahmah a hizongin, a mau tangin mi teel in a hizongin gam-uk kumpi sem
ding thuneihna ngahna tawh vaihawmna a hihi. Mipi sung pan a tamzaw deihna zui
a vaihawmna hi a, a hizongin a tawmzaw mite zong lungkim sakna a hihi. A gualzo
mite gelna kizui a hih bangin a tawmzaw mite khasiat lohna dingzong gelna ahihi.
Democracy paizia tawh vaihawmna sungah ukna thunei ding mipi in a telkhiatzia
zui-in a khilkhil in kikhen suk hi. Democracy paizia zuihna ah mipi (tangpi
tangta) in vaihawmna ah a kihel dingzia or a mau tang a ukna nei ding mitel
khiat zia pen a poimawh pen khat a hihi. (Ahih hangin a tunga i gen Autocracy
leh Oligarchy paizia zui a ukna nei mite na ngawn in a maute pen mi deihtel ka
hi, uhhi ci lai uhhi.) Democracy paizia ah mipi kihelna/ telkhakna pen
kisam mahmah hi. Mipi in vai khatpeuh ah a mau mimal mahmah kihel a gelna pen
Direct Democracy nam hi a; a mau taangin a sem ding palai leh tangmi tel in
vaihawmna pen Indirect Democracy paizia a hihi. Leitung kumpi gamah Indirect
Democracy paizia tawh mipi in ukna vaihawmna nei in vai kihawm hi.
Democracy
paizia ah gam-uk makai ding telkhiat na ah lutangpi guatdan, piakdan pen khilpi
nih in kikhen hi. (i) Parliamentary Democracy leh (ii) Presidential Democracy a
hihi. (i) Parliamentary Democracy: Gam mite in a mau tang dingin a tel
khiat-uh Tangmi leh Palaite in Congress (or) Parliament pan in gamuk ding leh
gam thukhun bawl dingin gamsung vaihawm, uk uhhi. Gamsung kitelna pan a zo party
pan in Tangmi le Palai tam a ngah pen in ukna vaihawmna nei dingin kumpi
lamkhiat hi. Gambup kitelna ah Tangmi leh Palai tam a ngah pen Party makai in gambup
Prime Miniester sem hi. A zenzen in kitelna ah party khat bek in a tamzaw
(majority) a ngah zawh kei leh kipawlkhawm in kumpi lam uhhi. Kiho siamna zui
in Kumpi panmun (minister) hawm uhhi. Parliamentary Democracy ah Ukna (Executive
power) leh Thukhun bawl thuneihna (Legislative power) pen kituamkhen (separate)
lo in mipi tel Tangmi leh Palai te in neikhawm zang khawm hi. Tua hi a, Gambup
thukhun pen a zo party i deihna bangin kikhel thei hi. Thukhenna thuneihna (Judicial
power) bel a kikhenkhia tuam hi. Parliamentary Democracy ah kumpi sem or ukna
nei ding mite pen Mipi i tangmi or palai hi hamtang hi. Kumpi a sepsung un muanzawh
nawnlohna khat a om leh mipi i tangmi leh palai teng mah in Parliament sungah
kumpite kimuang nawnlo (motion of no confidence) hi ci’n to in vote khiatna
tawh kumpi semlai khat pen kikhawl sak thei hi. Tua pen mawhna lian, khialhna
lian sep khak man hilo in, ukna nei ding a muanlohna hang hiziau hi. Hih
muanzawhna lohna pen mipi i tangmi leh Palai hihna vai hilo a, ukna nei kumpi
sepna thu bek a hihi. Cihnopna ah, mipi tangmi le Palai dingin hunkhen (term)
khat kum (4) bang a kiseh hangin kumpi a sem ukna nei Prime Minister leh a
cabinets teng pen kum 2 ciangin muan nawnlohna tawh kihem khia thei a, a hih hangin
mipi tangmi leh palai hihna pen semsuak thei uhhi. (ii) Presidential
Democracy paizai gam uk vaihawmna ah thukhun bawl pawl pen a tuam in mipi i
tel a hihi. A maute pen mipi Tangmi leh Palai kici zaw hi. Ukna thuneihna (Executive
Power) a sem/zang dingin gambup President makaihna tawh Cabinet a tuam in om a,
a maute pen thukhun bawlna kihel mipi teel tangmi leh palai sung pan hilo hi. Gambup
thukhun bawl ding a ketel Tangmi leh Palai kitelna leh ukna nei vaihawm ding a
Kumpite kitelna pen a tuam tuakin mipi’n tel hi. Tua a hih manin Ukna nei kumpi
(Executive power) leh Thukhun bawl thuneihna (Legislative power) pen a len/zang
a tuamtuak a hihi. Ukna nei Kumpi (Executive power) a ngah mite in thukhun bawl
theilo hi. A hizongin thukhun kibawl khempeuh Executive a lian pen (President)
in a thukimpihna kisam hi. President in thukhun tawh kisai in “tua ci leh hoih
zaw ding” cih ngaihsutna pia thei hi. Executive power a zang mite pan President
thuvanna nuai ah om pah uh a, President in a deih kei leh tawpsak thei hi. (Parliament
leh Congress ah thukhensat kullo hi) President a kitawp sak theihna ding
pen muan zawh nawnlohna cih ciang bek tawh kicing zolo a, mawhna leh khialhna
lian a neih kei ngal leh kitawp sak ding kigel thei hilo hi. ( Ukna nei Kumpi
in a hunkhen (term) cingin na sem thei zaw uh cihna a hihi.)
Gamkhat
or Kumpi khat i ukna nuai khat a om mun le mual khenkhat pen a khantoh leh cidam
theihna dingin gam lamkhiatzia leh kumpi phuh khiatzia a kilem, a kituah ding
kisam mahmah hi. Thuneihna lamkhiatzia (hawmzia) siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of
Government by Power Structure) paizia sungah Ukna nei kumpi kiphuh khiatzia leh
Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Source) sung a
ukna nei kumpi kiphuh khiatzia a kituak in a kibulh nak leh gam khangto leh gam
cidam a hi ding hi.
Date
November 23, 2019
Tual
Khan Suan
