-->
Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen- 6
Thuneihna kihawmna ( A Division of
Power)
Gamkhat
peuhpeuh in “bangci bang gam nam hiam” cih tehkakna dingin thuneihna hawmna (a
division of power) pansan in ki-en hi. Tua thuneihna kihawmna zui in gambup
khat pen belpawl gam diktak (genuine federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin,
khenlang belpawl gam (quasi-federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin, lomkhom
gam (unitary state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin kigen thei hi. Belpawl gam thu genna
ah, a kinu sia theilo USA gam tangthu sung i et tak ciangin minam leh gam i
thuneihna pen gambup kumpi (federal government) leh gamke/gamkhen kumpi (state
government) kikal ah kikhawmna zia genloh theihloh bek hilo in, etteh tham cing
mahmah hi. Thuneihna kihawmna (a division of power) pen USA gambup thukhunpi
sungah kiteltak leh siangtak in kigelh a, gambup kumpi leh gamke (state) kumpi
kikal ah thubuai a om hun a hi zongin, a mun leh mual a om gamke/gamkhen
(state) khat leh khat kikal ah buaina a om hunin a hizongin gambup thukhunpi
pen USA leitang tunga dingin a thunei pen hi ding hi, (supremacy clauses) ci’n zong
kikoih sitset hi. Hih mun-ah thuneihna hawmna (a division of power) i gen pen,
gambup kumpi lamkhiatna vai tawh kisai in thuneihna khuampi thumte (3 pillars
of power) a hi, ukna thuneihan (Executive power), thukhun bawl theihna (Legislative
power), leh thukhen theihna (Judicial power) kikal a thuneihna kikhenna (separation
of power) a gen i hi kei a, gam lamkhiatzia tawh kisai a gambup kumpi (Union/Federal
Government) leh gamke/gamkhen (State/Regional Government) kikal a thuneihna
kihawmna tawh kisai a kikum nuam i hihi.
Thukhun
bawl theihna (Legislative Power) a nei Khawnbawlna Innpi (Congress/Parliament)
tungah a hizongin, Ukna thuneihna (Executive Power) a nei vaihawm kumpi tungah
a hizongin, Thukhen theihna (Judicial Power) a nei Thukhun Mangpite tungah a
hizongin a maute vaipuak (duties) septheihna dingin a malmal a septheihna (Enumerated
Power) kipia tek hi. A mau sep ding leh septheihna ciang pen kician sinsen in
kigelh khiat sak hi. Hih a malmal a septheihna (Enumerated Power) pen gambup
thukhunpi (Constitution) sungah kigelh khia sinsen a hihi. Tua in thukhun bawl
theihna a nei mikhat in ukna nei kumpi bangin a septheihlohna ding, Ukna nei
kumpi in thukhen mangpi bangin a sep theihlohna ding ngimna a hihi. Gambup thukhunpi
in thukhun bawl thuneihna a nei mite tungah a malmal a septheihna a piak
thuneihna pawlkhat pen: Siah vai (tax), gamdang tawh kizopna, gambup sum zatna
le sum leitawina, sum bawlna (Print money- Bills & Coins), gal pulakna (Declare
war), galkap neihna (army & navy), thukimna bawlna (treaty), laito (post
office) leh thukhunpi a kipsak ding dante (laws) bawl theihna cih bangin kihel
hi. Thukhunpi a kipkho sak ding dante (laws) bawlna namte pawl pen a malmal in
kigelh khia sinsen theilo a hih sam hangin, minam leh gam hoihzawk na dingin
gelkul leh sepkul thu pawlkhat ah sepkhiat leh thukhun bawl theihna dingin a
kisapna zui a zat theih thuneihna (Implied Power) kici, panmun len makaite (
tutna ngah mite) tungah kipia pawlkhat om hi. Kisapna zui a zat theih thuneihna
(Implied Power) pen thukhun bawl thuneihna, Ukna nei Kumpi thuneihna leh
Thukhen Mangpi thuneihnate a len makaite tungah zong a mau tawh kisaina mun zui
in a deidei in thukhunpi tawh kituak a zat theih dingin kipia ciat hi.
Gambup
tawh kisai a thukhun bawl theihna, Ukna thuneihna leh Thukhen theihna a nei
mite in zat ding a gambup thukhunpi sunga a malmal a septheihna (Enumerated
power) kigelh lo khempeuh pen gamke/gamkhen (state) tungah thuneihna kipia hi.
Lamkhat pan in cileng, Gambup kumpi theihna ciangtan in gamke/gamkhen (state)
thuneihna ciangtanlo zaw cihna hi. (Note: Ahizongin gam pawlkhat ah gamke/gamkhen
(State) i thuneihna ciangtan zaw in a dang thuneihna om lai khempeuh gambup
kumpi tungah a kipia gam zong om veve hi). Gamke/Gamkhen (State) pen gambup
a dingin a bulpi leh a khuampi a hih manin sep leh bawl ding tamzaw cihna zong
a hihi. Nasep ding leh mapanna ding tamzaw a hih manin thuneihna (power) zong a
namtam zaw a neih kisam hi. Gamke/gamkhen te’n a mau zat ding thuneihna gambup
kumpi tungah ap khinlo in, tuamkhen khiat thuneihna pen khamkholh thuneihna
(Residuary Power) kici ahihi. Khamkholh Thuneihna (Residuary Power) pen gambup
kumpi in a sukkhak theihloh, gamke/gamkhen in a neih thuneihna hi a, a mau mun
le mual huamsung khantohna leh bitna ding gelna a zattheih dingin thukhunpi
tawh kituak a gamke/gamkhen kumpi tunga kipia ahihi. Gamke/Gamkhen (State)
sungah cidamna, bitna leh tangpi tangta hoihna ding in nasep theihna ding a
kipia khamkholh thuneihna (residuary power) pawlkhat pen: Mun leh mual kumpi
lamkhiatna (local government), License piak theihna (mawtaw, kitenna cihte),
gamke/gamkhen sungah sumbawlna etkai theihna, kitelna bawl theihna,
pilna-cidamna-bitna septheihna leh tangpi tangta hoihnna ding septheihna cihte kihel
hi.
Thuneihna
(power) pawlkhat pen gambup kumpi leh gamke/gamkhen kumpi in kipawl khawm a zat
a kisapna mun om hi. Tua bang a zatkhopna hangin gambup in khantohna ngah bek
thamlo in gamke a dingin zong hoihzaw tham hi. Tua bang thuneihna nam pen zatkhop
thuneihna (concurrent/shared power) kici hi. Zatkhop thuneihna pen a leikiak
kisap man a kigel hi a, minam leh gambup hoih zawkna ding ngimna ahihi. Gambup
kumpi bek i zatheih thuneihna leh gamke/gamkhen bek i zattheih thuneihna ci’n thu
pawlkhat ah a kikhen linlian tak ciangin gambup kumpi leh gamke kumpi kikal ah
ahi zongin, gamke/gamkhen kumpi leh a dang gamke (state) kumpi tawh kikal ah a
hizongin kizopna ah buai in, nasep ding ma zang zolo in om thei hi. Tua bang
thu haksa munte ah, gambup kumpi leh gamke kumpi khut kilen in vaihawm khawm in nasem hi leh matun zozaw ding hi cihna tawh
mipilte’n gamsung thuneihna pawlkhat zatkhop ding a gel uh ahihi. Zatkhop
thuneihna i cih pen gam ukna ding (gam sung vaihawmna) tawh kisai in gambup
kumpi tungah zong ki-ap lo, gamke/gamkhen kumpi tungah zong ki-ap lo in gambup
kumpi leh gamke kikal a hizongin, gamke leh gamke kikal ahi zongin kiho siamna panin
gambup kumpi in zang leh matun zo zaw ding thute ah gambup kumpi in zang a,
gamke kumpi in zang le matut zo zaw ding thute ah gamke kumpi in a zat theih thuneihna
namte a hihi. Gamkhat peuh ah hih Zatkhop thuneihna (Concurrent power) zatna ding
thu leh mun a om tak ciangin lungsim tangzai in thukhual kul hi. A hangin hih
zatkhop thuneihna pen gambup kumpi in zong a zat theih leh gamke kumpi in zong
a zat theih a hih manin, kiho siamna om kei leh kitel khialhna om thei a hih
man a hihi. Gambup Kumpi leh Gamke kumpi kikal a zatkhop thuneihna pawlkhat
pen: Thukhenzum neihna tuakna (dual court system), siamsinna (Education), siah
(tax) kaihkhopna, Lampi bawlna (road), sum leitawina (Borrowing money), dante
(laws) bawlna leh etcikna (enforcement), bank leh company zuih ding dan bawlna,
tangpi tangta hoihzawna ding sumzek sumzatna cihte gelna bang hi deuh hi.
Federal
gam taktak himaw, hilo cih tehkakna pen gambup leh gamke/gamkhen kikal ah
thuneihna hawmna pan in kikhentel thei hi. Gambup kumpi in thuneihna khempeuh
len in gamke/gamkhen ah thuneihna a hawp lohna gam pen bulpi ukna (centralization)
a bulphuh lomkhom gam (unitary) in kiciam teh hi. Gambup kumpi thuneihna
ciangtan in, gamke/gamkhen in a mau mun leh mual tek huamsung kisapna zui in ukna,
thukhun bawlna leh thukhenna neihna gamte pen belpawl gam (Federal State) in
kiciamteh hi. 1947 kum kawlgam bup thukhunpi pen Federal lim a kigel a hih
hangin bulpi thuneihna kiciangtan lo a, Gambup kumpi gelna bek zui in
gamke/gamkhen sungah ukna leh vaihawmna kinei a hih manin “ Kawlgam thukhun pen
a thu in federal a hih hangin a taktak in unitary hi- our country though in theory
federal, is in practice unitary) ci’n Hugh Tinker in na ciamteh hi. 1974 Kum
Burma Socialist Programe Party (BSPP) makaihna tawh kigelh thukhunpi zong bulpi
ukna mah kipsuak in kigelh hi. 2008 kum Kawl galkap makaihna tawh kigelh thukhunpi
pen gamke/gamkhen ah thukhun bawl theihna (legislative power) a nei khawnbawlna
Innpi (Paliament) a om hangin a lim bek hi a, thuneihna taktak kipia lo hi. Bulpi
pan in gam-uk makai ding leh vaihawmzia ding lamlahna bang bek in kisem hi.
Date:
December 7, 2019
Tual
Khan Suan
