Zo
Minam leh Federal- Khen- 7
Thuneihna
tuamkhenna ( Separation of Power)
Thuneihna
tuamkhenna (Separation of Power) cih kammal pen kumzalom (century) 18th
lai a French thu thuk ngaihsun (philosopher) Charles-Louis Montesquieu i gamsung
ukna ding tawh kisai thukhun gelh dingzia lunggelna bulphuh a kigelkhia a hihi.
Gamsung vaihawmna ah kivaipuak (or) ki-ukzia ding gelzia (model) khat hi a,
kumpi kahiang (government branch) khat leh khat kikal-ah thuneihna kibukkim na
ding deihna leh kumpi kahiang (Government branch) khat bek in a leklua a
thuneihna neih khakloh ding ngimna a hihi.
Gamkhat
i thuneihna sangpen (Sovereign Power) i cih sunga om Thukhun bawl theihna
(Legislative Power), Ukna-vaihawm theihna (Executive Power) leh Thukhen theihna
(Judicial Power) nampi (3) teng kihekkhawm lo in, a mau muntek ah tuamkhen in
gamsung vaihawmna gelna a hihi. Hih thuneihna (power) nampi (3) teng pen mimal
khat (or) mi khenkhat khutsung bek ah hekkhawm in gawmkhopna gamte pen Lomkhawm
gam (Unitary State) ci’n kithei a, tua thuneihna nampi (3) teng a tuamtuam a
khenin, mi tuamtek i khutsungah kihawm leh Belpawl gam (Federal State) gam
bulphuh Democracy gam ci’n ki thei hi. Hih thuneihna nampi (3) teng kikhendan
tawh kisai i genna ciangin Democracy gam paizia et ding thupi hi. Tua Democracy
gam paizia tawh vaihawmna pen paipi nam (2) in kikhen thei leuleu hi. Presidential
Democracy paizia tawh ki vaihawm gam pawl leh Parliamentary Democracy paizia
tawh kilam gam pawl a hihi. Hih Democracy paipi nam (2) bulphuh in thuneihna
tuamkhenna en leng gamsung kilam khiatzia kitel baih zaw hi.
Presidential Democracy
Presidential
Democracy paizia zui a kilam khiat gam sung pan a papen hi cih theih gam a hi,
USA gam sung vaihawmzia gen ding kilawm pen suak hi. USA gam pen kumpi kahiang
(Govt branch) tuamtuam tungah thuneihna tuamkhenna ( Separation of Power) zatna
ding a sin masa pen gam hi a, a lawhcin mahmah gam zong ahihi.
Thukhun
bawl kahiang (Legislative branch):
USA gambup thukhupi Article 1 sungah Thukhun bawl theihna tawh kisai thuneihna zang
dingin Innpi tungnung (Senate) leh Innpi nuainung (house of Representatives)
kigawm Congress tungah kipia hi ci’n kigelh a, thukhun bawl kahiang phuh khia
suak hi. Congress tungah a malmal a septheihna (enumerated power) a kipiak ban-ah,
Congress in gambup tawh kisai thu ah thukhun bawl ding vaipuak nei hi. Ahih
hangin a kipialo thubullet (nondelegation doctrine) a kici, ukna tawh kisai nasepna
dante (administrative laws) bawl theihlohna paizia hangin Congress in ukna
thuneihna a mapang tanute (Administrative Agencies) leh a tangdin kipawlna
(Private Organizations) te nasep zia ding tawh kisai vaite ah thukhun bawl thei
tuanlo hi. Lamlahna leh kawkmuhna ciang bawl thei bek hi. Congress in gam sung
leh minam sungah a mau deihna zui in thukhun bawl tawm in, a mau deihna bangin thuneihna
a khengval zat khakna dinguh kivenna a hihi. Tua mah bangin Ukna nei mite in
zong a mau vaihawm utna zui in thukhun a bawl tawm khak dinguh kivenna zong a
hihi. Ukna nei kumpi kahiang leh thukhen kahiang ah mapanna nei mi khatpeuh in
Congress ah thukhun bawl in kihel theilo hi. Ukna nei Kumpi in Thukhen theihna
a nei thukhen mangpi khatpeuh tawpsak theihna ding thuneihna neilo hi. Thukhun
bawl theihna (legislative Branch) a sem ding mipen gambup mipi in bial
(Constituency) zui in a tel Palai/Tangmi hi uh a, hunkhen (Term) nei a kikhek a
hihi.
Ukna
vaihawmna kahiang ( Executive Branch):
Gambup lutangpi (President) makaihna tawh ukna nei kumpi kahiang (executive
branch) kilam khia ding hi, ci’n USA gambup thukhunpi Article 2 na sungah
kigelh hi. Gambup President leh Vice President
a sem mite pen gambup a teng gammi (citizen) in a hun kibang in tel uhhi.
(Note: President leh Vice President kitelna pen Congress a sem Palai/Tangmi te
tawh a hun kibang a kitel hilo hi.) President leh Vice President a hilo Ukna
nei Kumpi kahiang (Executive Branch) a nasem ding Secretary (gampawl khat ah
Minister kici) pen mipi’n tello a, President in a deihtel khit teh Senate in
kipsakna nei hi. Gambup lutangpi (President) in Congress pan a kibawl thukhunte
kipsakna (approved) bawl a, gambup sungah tua thukhun a kizatna dingin semsuah na
ah makai hipah hi. Ukna nei kumpi kahiang a sem mite in Congress ah thukhun
bawlna (Legislative Branch) leh thukhenna bawlna (Judicial Branch) ah kihel
theilo hi. Congress in thu kivuicing omlo pi’n pum deihloh mawkmawkna hangin Ukna
nei Kumpi nasem mite mot khawlsak theilo hi. President bek in tawpsak thei hi.
Thukhen
theihna kahiang (Judicial Branch):
USA gambup Article 3 na zui in gambup thukhen zum a sangpen ( Supreme Court)
kihel in thukhenna kahiang kilam khia a, Congress pan kigelh thukhunte a deihna
gen (interpret) in hilhcianna nei hi. Congress a sem Palai leh Taangmite,
President leh Vice President pen gam sunga teng gam mite tel a hih hangin
thukhen mangpi pen mipi tel hilo a, President in tengkhia (nominate) in Senate
in sittelna leh kipsakna nei hi. House of Representatives pan tawpsak ding
hanciamna (impeachment) kibulpat in Senate in a mawhpaihna (conviction) a neih ciangbek
in Gambup thukhen mangpite (Supreme Court Judges) a semte kitawp sak thei hi.
Hunkhen (Term) cih bang omlo in pensen (Retirement) or sihna a tuah uh ciang
bek in a khawl uh suak hi. Congress thukhun bawl pen gambup thukhun tawh kituak
maw, kituaklo etkakna leh Ukna nei kumpi nasepna ah thukhun zui maw, zuilo cih
encik uhhi.
Parliamentary Democracy
United
Kingdom (UK) gam in Parliamentary Democracy paizia tawh gambup ukna leh
vaihawmna a khangcing sak gam (Pianna gam) cih theih a hih manin hih thu tawh
kisai sinna ah UK gam en leng kilawm pen ding hi. UK gam pen gamdangte bangin lai
tawh gelh gambup thukhunpi (written constitution) neilo in 1215 Kum a kibawl
Magna Carta thukimna siksan in lai tawh gelhloh thukhunpi (unwritten
Constitution) zanga ki-uk gam cih ding a hihi. Laigelh thukhunpi (written
Constitution) neilo gam a hih manin, thukhunpi omlo cih ding hipah lo a,
thuneihna tuamkhenna (separation of Power) zong omlo cih hilo hi. Tuate om lua
a, a hizongin in sepkhop bawlkhopna tamzaw hi. UK gam pen Constitutional
Monarchy gam ahihna zui-in, King/Queen i thuneihna kiciangtanna a hihmanin
Prime Minister (PM) in thuneihna tam neih zaw gam ahihi.
Thukhun
bawl kahiang (Legislative Branch):
Thukhun bawl theihna pen gambup Innpi (Parliament) tung a kipia hi a, tua
Parliament sungah Inndei tungnung (House of Lords), Inndei nuainung (House of
Commons) leh Kumpi (Monarch) cih teng kihuam a kilam khia a hihi. Kumpi
(Monarchs) in thuneihna pen tam neilo a; Members of Parliament (MP) te deihtel
a hi, Prime Minister deihna leh ngaihsut piakna zuizaw hi. Inndei tungnung (
House of Lords) pen gam mipi tel hilo in khanggui a kiluah to nam (lord) mite, Kumpi
(King/Queen) in a deihtelna tawh a seh mite leh Church of England pan
Archbishop, Bishops tawh kilam khia a hihi. Inndei nuainung (House of Commons)
pen gammi deihtel Tangmi/Palai teng tawh kilam khia hi a, thukhun bawlna leh sepding
gelna thusunte (proposal) kisitna/kikupna mun a hihi. Thukhun bawlna vai-ah Inndei nuainung ( House
of Commons) in Inndei tungnung (House of Lords) sangin thuneihna tam nei zaw
pek hi. Inndei nuainung (House of Commons) ah a gualzo party makai in gambup a
dingin Prime Minister sem a, a seppih (Cabinets) dingin a ma’ party sung pan
mah tengkhia hi. King/Queen in thukhun kipsakna (approved) nei hi (Presidential
Democracy ah President in Thukhun a kizat theihna ding suaikaihna tawh kipsakna
a neih bang a hihi). Gambup vaihawmna ding thukhun bawlna, ukna nei kumpi na sepna
etcikna, leh gambup sum zekna ding gelna cihte a kipan gambup zing vai ding
hawmna phualpi a hihi.
Ukna
vaihawmna Kahiang(Executive Branch):
UK gam-ah ukna thuneihna pen Kumpi (Crown) leh Prime Minster makaih Cabinets (MP)
tawh kilam khia hi. Kumpi (Crown) in ukna thuneihna tam neilo a, Prime Minister
deihna zui zaw hi. Prime Minister leh a seppih Cabinets pen Inndei nuainung (House
of Commons) a gam mipi telcing MP te ahi uhi. A hizongin pilna le siamna (Qualification)
zui in Uknna vaihawmna Kahiang (Executive Branch) sungah Inndei tungnung (House
of Lords) pan in zong kihel thei hi. Cabinets/Ministers te’n Ukna vaihawmna
kumpi kahiangah a sep uh hangin thukhun bawl theihna ( Legislative Power) nusia
lo in, thukhun bawlna ah kihel veve uhhi. Thukhun bawlna leh uknna neihna gawmkhawm
cih ding hi a, thuneihna kithuap a nei uhhi kici thei hi. Hoih a sa mite genna
ah gamsung vaihawmna ding a mau deihna bangin thukhun bawl thei uh a hih manin
matun baihzaw hi ci uhhi. Ukna nei vaihawmna kahiang pen kumpi i thumeilet
(policies) te a lawhcinna ding a madawk tanute cih theih hi. Ukna vaihawmna Kahiang
in a mau sepna tawh kisai in Parliament tungah tavuan la (accountable) a, dotna
dawnna leh hilhcianna pia uhhi. Parliament sungah Executive Branch a ki muan
zawhlohna a om ciangin gam-uk sepna pan kitawp dingin muanlahna (no confidence
motion) zangin a langlam party in thusung thei a, Prime Minister leh Cabinet/Minister
teng kitawp ding leh kitelna bawlkik ding ngetna kibawl thei hi.
Thukhen theihna Kahiang (Judicial
Branch): Thukhen
mangpi i nasep thupi pen in thubuai ngaihkhiatna (hearing) leh buaina omte
tungah thukhenna piak a hihi. United Kingdom (UK) ah bel thukhen theihna
Kahiang in a mau thukhenna tungtawn in thukhun thak khat gelhkhiat theihna nei
hi. (Cihnopna ah thukhen mangte in thukhen gelh theihna nei cih ding a hihi). Kumpi
(King/Queen) in Gambup thukhen Mang Lianpen (Supreme Court Judge) in seh
(appointed) a, Prime Minister in zong tawpsak theilo in, King/Queen bek in
hemkhia thei hi. United Kingdom (UK) gamsungah thukhenna leh thukhun bawlna thuneihna
pen kikhen (Separate) a kizang hilo a, kihawmna (shared/division) kizang hi zaw
hi.
Zomi sungah Thuneihna kihawmna leh
thuneihna tuamkhenna behlapna:
Zomi
sungah thuneihna (power) gen ding hileng, gending a om sunsun pen biakna
kipawlna sung genloh phamawh hi. Gam (leitang) kinei nailo a, ei leh ei vaihawm
theihna ding thuneihna kinei nailo ban-ah, kipawlna dang zong om tuanlo a hih man
a hihi. Biakna sungah Pasian biakna a hih lam thei gige na pi’n thuneihna
hawmna leh thuneihna khenna i siamloh manin utlo pipi in, thuneihna zawkna ut
manin pawlpi kikhen pahpah hi. Biakna sung kilam khiatzia a en hileng; Pawlpi
(church) a makaih ding Board/ Executive Committee om hi. Biakpiakna a makaihna
Pastor/Priest om hi. Pawlpi sung mah a numei kipawlna (Women Ministry) om a,
Khangno Kipawlna (Youth Ministry) om hi. Numei kipawlna leh Khangno kipawlna ah
zong Executive Committee om tuak hi. Numei kipawlna leh Khangno kipawlna in a
mau thukikupna ah a mau vai nasepna dingin na sep theihna nei tekhi. Tua pen
thuneihna kihawmna (division of power) cih thei hi. Pawlpi sungah hih thuneihna
kihawmna mun ah buaina piang khollo zaw hi. A hizongin buaina a pianna mun pen
thuneihna kikhenna (separation of power) ding munte ah hi zaw hi. Pawlpi sungah
thuneihna kikhenna omlo in khauhual bangin kikawi hek gawp in mikhat leh nih
bek in a zat tak ciangin buaina kipan a hihi. Board/Executive Committee in pawlpi
sung vaihawmna ding a len ding kimlai biakpiakna vai hawmna a uk gawpciangin
buaina a kipat bangin Siampi/Tuucing (Priest/Pastor) in biakpiakna makaih ding
kimlai pawlpi sung vaihawmna, sumvai paivai a kikausi phum ciangin buaina kipan
hi. Pawlpi sungah pawlpi sung vaihawmna leh biakpiakna khempeuh a len khawm ut
a om ciangin zong buaina piang hi. A taktak in thuneihna kituhna mah a hih
manin buaina a omlohna dingin a taktak bulphuhna in (logically) in
Siampi/Tuucing thuneihna leh Board/Executive Committee thuneihna a tuam a
khenna (separation of power) pen neihin zui leng a kisamlo buaina pawlkhat
pianglo ding hi. Melh pongmawkna leh pelhsawm mawk na tawh buaina veng theilo
a, puahna bek in buaina veng sak thei hi. (Pawlpi a Ministers (Priest/Pastors)
te in ukna thuneihna (executive power) a nei dan bang hi leh, Pawlpi board/Executive
Committee pen pawlpi sung kalsuan zia ding gelna thuneihna nei ding cih leng
kinai thei ding hi.) Priests/Pastors leh Board/Executive kikal kizopna ding
pen Executive Branch leh Legislative Branch kizop dan tawh etkak leng kinai
huai thei ding cih lam-etna tawh tawmkhat kong behlap pak a hihi. (Lai gelh pa)
Date:
December 12, 2019
Tual
Khan Suan
