Warning! Hih lai pen Zatui siamna (Medical Knowledge) pansan a kigelh hilo a, thu theihna (knowledge) ding a kigelh a hihi.
Telsui mite (Scientists) leh Zatui lam thuthuk kan mite (Medical Researchers) in “Pulnatna” cih kammal i khiatna taktak pen munteng zel a kilawh natna (Pandemic) in genkha zaw maw, OR kilawh baih natna (Epidemic) in genkha zaw maw, koi kammal zang leng kilawm zaw ding cih siangtak in gen theih ding a khensat zawhnai loh uh hangin, a kithukim khawm vek a khiatna a hih leh “natna khatpeuh hangin mun leh mual khengin kilawhzakna leh lam-et loh zah dongin mikhempeuh kilawh in sihna a piangsak hi” cih kisang thei tek hi.
Leitung tangthu sungah natna kilawhzakna hangin mihing tampi in sihna piangsak bek hilo in, leitung tangthu hei lamdang a, khat veivei mihingte nuntakna sangkhanna (civilizations) na ngawn kikhek sak hi. A nuai ah mihing tangthu sunga sihna a piangsak pulnatna liante thu tomlak in i pulak khia hi.
Kilawh baih natna (epidemic) or munteng zel a kilawh natna (pandemic) nam sehkhat pen mihing siat gamtat man or ginat lohna pan kilawh hi khinlo a hih manin gim neih leh kihbawl ding hilo hi.
1. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) – (2019- Present Day)
A piangsak lungno: Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Limpianzia (Signs & Symtoms): Khuasik, khuh, hu dik zolo, nattun, pumpi na, lu na, gawlna, gimnam leh limna zalo
Kilawh theihna: Mihing leh mihing kilawhna, Vante (objects) pansan a kilawhna, Huih lak pan kilawhna (Huih sungah a lungno nai (3) sung bang nungta thei kici)
Misi zah (Death Tolls): 170,425 + Khanglailai
Zatui leh dalna: Ki zong lai
December 2019 kipat cil-in China (Sen) gam Wuhan khuapi sung pan in COVID-19 kici Coronavirus kimu khia hi. Hih natna lungno pen manlangtak in kilawhzak, kithehthang pah a hih manin kidalna ding in kigin kholhna om man paklo hi. Hih natna pen a kilawh baih natna (epidemic) leh munteng zel a kilawh natna (pandemic) a hih man in World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 ciangin leitung bup pulnatna ci’n tangko khia hi.
Coronavirus hang a piang pulnatna pan in kikep dan ding pen mimal sianthohna (khul sawpna), mi dangtawh kihet khaklohna (Physical Distancing) hi pen hi. Leitung gam tuamtuam kumpite in a gammite uh inn sungah kikhum ding (stay home), sang leh biakinnte khak ding, sumzonnate khak ding leh mipi kikaih khopna munte khak ding thusuah bawl hi. Hih lai kigelh lai ciangciang hih pulnatna damsakna ding leh kidalna ding zatui tawh kisai zatui bawl company te’n a sinsan laitak a hihi. Hih pulnatna in a piansak leh a siatna mihing nuntakna leh mihing nekzona pen kigen khin thei nailo hi.
2. Zika Virus epidemic: (2015-Present day)
A piangsak lungno: Zika Virus
Limpianzia (Signs & Symtoms): Khuasik, cithak, lutang na, gu le tang na, mitsan, taksa pumpi na
Kilawhna: Thokang pehna
Misi zah (Death Tolls): Data unavailable (Mi tam silua lo)
Zatui leh dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): Zatui om lianlo, Natdawn (Tylenol) zang thei.
South America leh Central America a om gamte sungah kimu khia masa a, leitung gam (48) kim ah kilawh hi. Zika virus pen thokang namkhat, Aedes genus kici thokang pehna pan in kilawhna tam pen hi. A hizongin nu le pa kizopna hangin zong kilawh thei hi. Hih natna hang piang a pulnatna pen a hunlap in mipil misiamte’n kidalna ding zatui leh a lungno a kilawh sak thokang thahna ding zatui bawl khia thei hi.
Zika Virus in a picing khin mite a dingin a lauhuai lua hilo na pi’n, naupangte leh nu sunga om lai nau ngekte a ding lau huai a, pianpih kicin lohna piangsak thei hi. Hih natna a kilawh sak thokang pen khualum gam, a nomna mun leh gamte ah khanghat zaw hi.
3. West African Ebola epidemic: 2014-2016
A piangsak lungno: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Limpianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Khuasik, pumpi, lutang, guh le tang, gil natna, thabei, lung-am, sungpai, lua leh a hang omlo si-luang
Kilawhna (Transmission): Sisan, pumpi sung a om tui pan (cil, khua-ul, zun, nawi, luak), vante (objects)- natna nei khat i lawn leh zat vante, natna nei bak leh zawng namte lawnkhak vante, bawtui (semen)
Misi zah (Death Toll): 11,325
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): December 19, 2019 in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in rVSV-ZEBOV (tradename “Ervebo”) pen Ebola vaccine (dalna) dingin zat theih a hihna gen khia hi. Democratic Republic of Congo in zong Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo kidalna zatui zat theih a hihna tangko hi.
Ebola Virus lungno hangin pulnatna pen 2014-2016 kikal sungin Africa nitum na lam gam pan kimu khia hi. A masa penpen December 2013 in Guinea ah kimu masa a, tua zawh a sawtlo in Liberia, Sierra Leone gamte ah manlang tak in kilawh hi. Misi a tamzaw zong hi gam thum sungah tam pen hi. African gampawlkhat Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, US leh Europe ah hong kilawh hi.
Hih pulnatna kilawhna pen Sisan, pumpi tung pan luang khit tuite, mihing vanzatte tung pan, ganhing namte pan in, a damsa mite tung pan bawtui pan in zong kilawh thei hi.
Natna lim pen khuasik, pumpi natna, thabei leh lung-am, gilna, sunglam natna, si luanna cih bangin kilang hi.
1976 kum in Ebola natna ci a kithei masa penpen Sudan leh Democratic Republic of Congo ah kimu ngei a, baak (bats) tung pan kipan dingin ki ummawh hi.
4. H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic: 2009-2010
Apiang sak lungno: Swine Influenzas (Flu) Viruses- H1N1 (Vok pan a kingah Virus nam)
Limpianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Khuasik, khuh, gawlna, naptui, pumpi na, lu na, khua dam leh lung-am
Kilawhna (Transmission): Mi le mi (Khuhna, Heihciaina, kihona, kilawnna), vante pansan kilawhna
Misa zah (Death Toll): 151700-575400 ki um mawh.
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): H1N1 Vaccine
Swine Flu pulnatna pen 2009 kum in Mexico gam leh April 2009 in America ah kimu hi. Leitung bupah manlang tak in kizel pah a hih manin June 11, 2009 in WHO in pulnatna ci’n tangko hi. Kumkhat sung bekbek in leitung bup a om milip 1.4 billion kilawh a, mimal 151,700 – 575,400 kikal hih pulnatna hangin si hi ci’n CDC in ciamteh hi.
Hih pulnat pen naupangte leh khangmoi (Teihrol) mite’n thuak zaw a, misi 80% pen kum 65 nuai siah hi zaw hi. Khuahun zui a buhkhun (Flu) ngeina in kum (65) tungsiah mite in a thuak zawhloh bang dan hilo in, a khangmoi zawte in hih natna a thuak lah zawk pen a lamdang khat hi bilbel hi.
Hih pulnatna leh COVID-19 kivalak na tampi om hi.
5. AIDS pandemic and epidemic: 1981-Present day
A piangsak lungno: HIV
Lim pianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Mi khat leh khat kibang khinlo hi. Natna a khauhna leh a dauna zui in kilang hi. Flu natna lim pianzia tawh kibang pian hi.
Kilawhna (Transmission): Sisan, nu leh pa omkhopna (sex)/ bawtui (semen), nawitui (breast milk)
Misi zah (Death Toll): 770,000 plus (2018 by WHO)
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): Ki zong toto lai; Natna kilawh theihna pan a kidal kholhna
AIDS pulnatna a kimuh a kipan mihing mimal 37.9 million in ngah khin in kiciam tehhi. HIV lungno pen 1920 kum kim pawl a kipan in Africa nitum na lam gam pan a zawng nam khat tung pan Chimpanzee Virus pen mihing tung pan a kilawh hi kici hi.
Kum sawmlom (decades) tampi tak hih HIV lungno damsakna ding zatui kizong zong a, 1990 kum kim pawl ciangin hih lungno dokikna ding zatui pawlkhat kimu a hih manin natna nei cina mite nuntakna kikhangkhan hi. Zatui kizong toto lai a hihn a zui in 2020 kum kipat lam in HIV lungno natna pan mi nih in zatui zatna hangin damna ngah kici hi.
6. Asian Flu: 1957-1958
A piangsak lungno: H2N2
Lim pianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Khuasik, khuh, pumpi leh lutang na, khuadam, thabei leh buhkhuh natna dangte tawh kibang
Kilawhna (Transmission): Mihing leh mihing, vante tung pan ( Buhkhuh kilawhna nam)
Misi zah (Death tolls): 1-4 Million (WHO in 2 millions kim ci)
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): H2N2 Vaccine
H2N2 virus hanga piang pulnatna pen Asian gam pan kipan a hih man hiam, “Asian Flu” cih min kiphuah hi. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) i ciamtehna ah 1957 kum February in Singapore ah kimu masa pen a, tua kum mah April kha ciangin Hongkong leh US gam tuipi gei khuapi te ah kimu hi ci hi.
Ahizongin thuciamteh pawlkhat in 1956 kumbul lam in China leh a kim kiang a om gamte ah kizel khin ci hi. Europe gamte ah zong kilawh zak hi.
7. Spanish Flu: 1918-1920
Apiang sak lungno: H1N1 Virus
Lim pianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Khuasik, cisa, ling, khuh, lung-am leh Flu natna dangte dan
Kilawhna (Transmission): Khuhna, Heihciaina, kampau kihona
Misi zah (Dealth Toll): 2 million kim
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): Vaccine, natdawn (Tylenol)
Hih pulnatna min pen Spanish Flu a kicih hangin “Spain” gam pan kipan cih hituan lo hi. Galpi khatna sungah Spain pen thulai (neural) gam a om a hihna zui in, hih natna pen Spain gamsung a thupuak (Press) in suaksak masa a hih manin, a tawpna ah Spanish Flu cih min a kilo suak a hihi. Leitung galpi khatna lai in hih pulnatna kipan a, leitung bup mitampi si hi. A diak in galpi sunga nek leh dawn hamsatna leh sianthona hoih lohna munte ah kilawh baih mahmah a hih manin US galkap sung bang-ah gal kikapna hang a a si sangin hih pulnatna hang a si mitam zaw hi.
Telsui mite (Scientists) leh Zatui lam siamna nei mite (Medical Researchers) in zong a kipatna a hang taktak tel paklo ban-ah hih pulnatna pen kilawh baih lua mahmah a hih manin, gam kumpi te in zong tuamkhumna (quarantines) ding thupiak bawl uh a, sang (school), biak inn (churches), mipi kikaih khopna te khak uhhi. “Lampi tungah cil na siat leh sianthohna thukhun a palsak” in dan kipia thei ding zah in kibawl hi.
8. American polio epidemic: 1916
A piangsak lungno: Virus
Lim pianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Pumpi zaw (zeng natna)
Kilawhna (Transmission): Mihing leh mihing kilawnna
Misi zah (Death Toll): 3145-6000 (USA sung bek)
Zatui leh Dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): Polio Vaccine
Pumpi zaw (Zeng Natna) kici pen Virus lungno namkhat in thagui kilamzia (Nerve system) sungah lut in pumpi zaw (Zeng natna) a piang sak a hihi. 1916 kum pan in hih natna kimu khia a, 1952 ciangin hih natna kilawh a tampen hun in kiciamteh hi. Tua zawh kum thum khit, 1962 kim in Dr. Jonas Salk in a dalna (vaccine) a muh khiat ciangin tua natna pan kivenna kinei thei a hih man in a bei bang in kisang hi.
US President a sem ngei Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1921 kum ( kum 39 a phak in), hih pumpi zaw (Zeng natna) ngah ngei hi.
9. Flu pandemic: 1889-1890
A piangsak lungno: A Virus
Limpianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Khuasik, cisa, ling, khuh, lung-am leh Flu natna dangte dan
Kilawhna (Transmission): Mihing leh mihing kilawhna, Vante tung pansan a kilawhna
Misi zah (Death Toll): 1 million kim
Zatui leh dalna (Medicine & Vaccine): Flu Vaccine
1889 kum November leh December pawl in hih pulnatna kimu khia hi. Kilawhna manlang mahmah a hih manin a kimuh khiat zawh nipi kal (5) khit khong in hih pul natna hangin misi a tam pen dinmun tung ziau hi.
Hih pulnatna pen Russia gam ah kimu masa in Europe gam leh (a diak in) khuavotna gam khempeuh ah kilawh suak khin pah hi.
10. Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic: 1793
A piangsak lungno: Virus lungno
Limpianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Ci-eng (Jaundice), khuasik leh pumpi natna
Kilawhna (Transmission): Thokang pehna pan
Misi zah (Death Toll): 5000 val (US Bek)
Zatui leh Dalna ( Medicine and Vaccine): Vaccine leh Thokang thahna
US gam Philadelphia khuapi sungah kitam muh pen hi. Hih pulnatna pen thokang tung pan in mihing kilawh thei a hih bangin khualum leh guahtui om sungin tam pha diak a, khuavot (thokang sihteh) kiam or bei hi. Natna ngah mite in khuasik, pumpi natna ngah in a sawtlo in a ci le sa eng (yellow) hi. A sawtna ciangin sin (liver) leh kal (kidney) i nasep teng susia a hih manin sihna dong piang sak hi.
11. Russian plague: 1770-1772
A piangsak lungno: Yersinia Pestis Bacteria lungno
Limpianzia (Signs & Symptoms): Kam leh nak pan siluang, vun leh cin vom, sungpai, gilna, lua
Kilawhna (Transmission): A siangtho lo nek leh dawn pansan in
Misa zah (Death Toll): 100,000 val ding
Hih pulnatna pen Russia gam Moscow khuapi pan kimu masa hi. Natna a kimuh tak ciangin Russia kumpi in a gammite innsung ah tuamkoihna (quarantined) in kikoih hi. Innsung a tuamkoihna a utlo mite sosang (riots) in biakpiakna nei ding a mi kaih khop pen tawmkhat khawl phot ding a hanthawn Archbishop Ambrosius in thahna thuak lawh hi.
12. Great Plague of Marseille: 1720-1723
France gam Marseille ah 1720 kum a kipan kum (3) sung pulnatna tung in Marseille khuapi sunga teng mimal 30% kim bang si hi. Hih putnatna kipatna pen Nisuahna lam pan Mediterranean tuipi tung kantan in France gam Marseille khuapi ah vanpua tembawpi Grand-Saint-Antoine kici I van puak sung vansiat na pan kipan hi kici hi. Tembaw a suah nasem sung pan a ngah mite in lutang na ngeungau in, tua khitteh luak tawh thuah, pumpi tha bei in lung-am in om hi. Ni 3 khit ciangin sihna ngahsuak thei uh hi. Tua Tembawpi pen kituamkoih (quarantined) hangin pulnatna pen hik nam ganhing (fleas) leh innlawi nam (rodents) te hangin khuapi sungah kilawh suak veve hi. Pulnatna pen kilawh manlang lua mahmah a hih man in kumthum sungin Marseille khuapi leh a kim a teng mimal 100,000 kim ( tua kim a om 30% ding a ki ummawh) in sihlawh hi. September 16,2012 in tua tembaw pi kipholh khia kik hi.
13. Great Plague of London: 1665-1666
Hih pulnatna hang a, a si masa pen 1665 kum bul lam in St. Giles-in-the-Fields a cihna mun ah ki mu khia hi. Tua zawh a sawtlo in gamsung teng ah khuakhal hunsung teng in kilawh suak pah hi. Hik (fleas) leh innlawi nam (rodents) pan in kilawh a hih manin mizawng vengte ah tampi tak nasia zaw hi. Hih pulnatna hangin London khuasung a teng mi 15% kim, mimal 100,000 kim sihlawh hi.
Hih natna hangin Kumpi King Charles II na ngawn kumpi inn pan July kha in Hampton Court leh Oxford ah galtai lawh hi. Siavuan, Sitni (lawyers), sumzuak mite (merchants) tampi tak zong London pan galtai hi. Kumpi vaihawmna innpi (parliament) pen kikhinto (postpone) a, zum a thunei (court case) pawlkhat Wesminster pan Oxford ah kikhin sak hi. A suk mahmah September 1665 pawl in kalkhat sung in mimal 8000 bang si kici hi.
Kamsiatna kibeh lap in September 02, 1666 in London khuapi sung mei kaang a, ni (4) sawt a hih manin khuapi nakpi tak in kisia hi.
14. American Plagues: 16th century
Hih pulnatna pen Europe gam pan in America gam ah a lal mite in a puak uh kici hi. Hih pulnatna sungah kihel sumphuk (smallpox) natna in America gam tualsuak mite Inca leh Aztec minam leh minam khontohna (civilizations) siacip sakzo hi. Mi pawlkhat i upmawh genna ah hih natna hangin America gamsung a tualsuak minamte 90% bang that dingin lam-en uhhi. Spanish galkap mang Hernan Cortes makaihna tawh Aztec khuapi Tenochtitlan, 1519 kum in a lak zawhna ding, Spanish galkap mang khat mah ahi Francisco Pizarro makaihna tawh Incas te 1532 kum in a zawhna pen hih natna hang hi kici hi. A hangin, hih pulnatnna hangin Aztec leh Incan galkapte tampi si a hih manin Spanish galkapte a dozo nawnlo uh hi. Tua hangin Britain, France, Portugal leh the Netherlands pan America a lal uh ciangin hih tualsuak mite mimal kiam mahmah a hih manin galzawhna nop tuam mahmah hi.
15. Cocoliztli epidemic: 1545-1548
Cocoliztli pulnatna pen Virus lungno hang a piang natna nam khat hi a, Mexico leh Central America a teng mihing 15 million kim thatlum hi. Khuahun siat (Nisat pi) hang a mimal a sisi kawmkal ah hih natna pen siatna nakpi tak in a tun a hihi. Cocoliztli cih kammal pen Aztec kammal hi a, ganhing no (pest) cihna a hihi.
Hih natna hang a misite guh pan a kila DNA sitna (test) a sawt nailo hun a kineihna ah hih natna a piangsak pen Salmonella a kici S.parytphi C lungno hang a piang natna nam hi a, hih lungno namte pen sungpai, khuasik a piangsak lungno a hihi. Hih lungno hang a piang natna pen khuasik, tui beina (dehydration) leh gilsung natna cihte hi a, tuhun dongin cidamna tawh kisai in a lung himawh huai lai thu a hhi.
16. The Black Death: 1346-1353
Black Death kici pulnatna pen Asia pan in Europe gam dong ah a kilawh natna khat a hihi. Mi pawlkhat i genna bang ah hih pulnatna in Europe a teng mimal buppi i a lang bang sisak hi, ci uhhi. Yersinia pestis bacteria lungno nam hang a piang natna hi a, hik (fleas) leh innlawi (rodents) nam pan ki kilawh hi kici hi. Mi pawlkhat i genna leuleu ah hih natna pen kilawh baih lua mahmah a hih manin natna nei mi khat va lawnkhak ziauna tawh kilawh hi ci uhhi. Sawt zong thuaklo uh a, nitak a cidam a lum pen zing sang teh a si ziau thei hi ci uhhi. Hih pulnatna hang a misi pen tamlua mahmah a hih manin misi luang pen han khukpi (mass grave) ah kivui hi. Asia pan in tembaw tawh khualzin, vanpuak na pan Europe gam a lawh hi kici hi.
Hih pulnatna in Europe tangthu khek hi. Mitam sih luatna hangin, na sem ding mi muh hamsa a hih manin thaman tam piak kulzaw hi. Lo nei mite kiangah kilawh a nasepna (serfdom) bei lawh hi. Nasem mite in nek le dawn hoih ngah zaw a; a lang khat pan in nasem nei mite in nasem ding mi zon hamsatna hangin vanzat (technology) bawl khiatna kipatna hong suak hi.
17. Plague of Justinian: A.D. 541-542
Byzantine Empire a uk kumpi Justinian I in ukna a neih laitak in a gambuppi sungah bulnatna hong tung hi. Tua pulnatna hangin a ukna gam sung mi tam si lua ( 1 million) bang si a hih manin a ukna zong kiamlam manawh sak hi. Hih pulnatna pen Constantinople khualpi ah A.D 542 kum in hong tung a, tua khit kum 225 sung bang a hunhun in piang zelzel a hih manin leitung bup mila 10% kim in sihlawh hi, kici hi.
Hih pulnatna pen tua hun laitak a, Byzantine Empire a uk Kumpi Justinian (527-565 A.D) mintap in min kivawh a hihi. Hih Kumpi Justinian pen Middle East pan Western Europe gam tenga uk kumpi hi a, Constantinople ( tuhun in Istanbul) khuapi ah biak inn lian Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) a lam pa a hihi. Kumpi Justinian zong hih pulnatna kilawh khat a, a hizongin dam kik hi.
Hih pulnatna pen bubonic (Yersinia Pestis) kici bacteria lungno hang a piang hi ci’n misi sate guh pan DNA kisit kikna pan ki mu hi kici hi. China leh India gamgi dungte pan in Africa gam ah lei lam leh tui lam sum lei sum zuakna pan kilawh kici a, Justinian kumpi ukna gamsung pen Egypt gampan kilawh kici hi. Hih pulnatna lungno pen Rattus rattus kici zusa vom pan in kilawhsawn (transmit) a hihi.
Hih pulnatna a ngah mite pen khuasik, pumpi pol (swelling), mangsia man leh mengme (delusion) in om a, a nasia piante pen khuaphawklo (coma) ngah thei hi.Putnatna ngah mi pawlkhat pen ni bangzah hiam dam sam na pi’n, pawlkhat leuleu pen a lim (symptoms) a kimuh zawh a sawtlo in sipah uhhi.
18. Plague of Cyprian: A.D. 250-271
Kum 2014 kum in Luxor khua a, Archaeologist te in Cyprian pulnatna hangin kum 250-271 AD sungin mitam pi si hi cih mukhia uhhi. Misi tampi luang vui khopna (mass grave) a muhna pan un a gen uh a hihi. Cyprian pulnatna kici pen Tunisia gam sunga khuapi khat Carthage khuapi a Bishop St. Cyprian in hih pulnatna pen leitung beina ding limlak (signal) hi ci’n a genna mintap in kimin vawh a hihi. Hih natna a om zawh a sawtlo in Rome khuapi lawh pah a, hih pulnatna hangin Rome khuapi sung bek ah ni khat in mi 5000 bang si hi kici hi. Hih pulnatna pen kum 20 sung bang sawt hi kici hi.
Hih pulnatna a piangsak lungno pen bang hi ding hiam cih misiamte gen cian theilo uhhi. A hizongin a thu om dan zui in upmawh genna ah, hih natna pen kilawh baih mahmah, mi leh mi kilawhna leh vante tung pansan a kilawhna nam hi ding in gen uhhi.
19. Antonine Plague: A.D. 165-180
Antonine pulnatna or khat veive Galen pulnatna zong a kici Rome kumpi thuneihna liat mahmah lai in Galkapte Parthia galdo ding a kuan khiatna pan hong ciah uh ciangin hong pua uh hi kici hi. Hih pulnatna in Rome kumpi thuneihna sang pen pan in gamsung kidaihna kiamsak a, linlawngna piang sak ban ah tualgal leh gamdang mite gamkekna kipatna piang sak hi.
Galen a kici Greek Siavuan pa in a mahmah a thuak kha, a phukha hi a hih pulnatna lim (symptoms) te a ciaptehna ah khuasik, sungpai, gawlbing, dangkeu, khuh leh lua hi ci hi. Hih pulnatna pen China gam lam pan a sum lei sum zuakna (silk road) pan kilawh hi kha ding ci uhhi.
Hih pulnatna kipat a vial khatna lam in Rome khuapi sungah ni khat in mi 2000 bang si hi kici hi. A vial nihna in a nawk kik ciangin ni khat in mi 5000 sang a tawmzaw lo si hi kici hi. Hih pulnatna hangin Rome galkap mi 150,000 kim bang in zong kihon khia zolo a hih manin galkap thakiamna suak sak hi. Hih pulnatna hangin misi vekpi pen 60-70 million bang hi dingin ki um mawh hi.
Hih pulnatna hangin Rome kumpi thanem mahmah a, Christian upna hong khang mahmah hi.
20. Plague of Athens: 430 B.C.
Athens pulnatna pen, Ethiopia gamkhang deuh sub-Saharan pan kipan in Egypt, Libya pan in Mediterranean tuipi kantan in Persia leh Greek gamte ah kilawh hi. Athen khuapi sungah Tembaw khawlna pan in kilawh a, tua hun lai in Athens khuapi ah mimal 250,000-300,000 kim a om ding sung panin she-thum-suah-sehkhat (1/3) si hi kici hi. Hih pulnatna pen kum (5) sung kim sawt hi.
Greek Historian a hi Thucydides (460-400 BC) in a gelhna ah, “ a cidam sinsen lai mi khat pen tha khat thu in a lutang sa sa in, a mit pen san leh bawk gawp hi. A sung lam pan in sisan leh a gim namsia teng a gawl pan hong pusuak hi ci hi.
Hih natna a piangsak lungno pen bang hi ding hiam cih kinialna om den a, a hi thei ding thu pen a ki-um mawh in Typhoid leh Ebola hi kha ding kici hi.
21. Prehistoric epidemic: Circa 3000 B.C.
Sen gam ah kum 5,000 a cingkhin inn lui khat muhkhiatna ah misi guh kimu khiate etna pan in a beisa kum 5000 kim in Sen gam ah pulnatna tung hi ding hi kici hi. Archaeologist in in “Hamin Mangha” cih min phuah in tua mun pen Sen kumpi in hoih tak in kemcing hi. Misi pen a neu a lian cih khenlo in innkhat sungah kikoih, kikhum cin a kihal tawh kibang kici hi.
Hih “Hamin Mangha” kici misi guh kimuhna mah tawh a hun kinai a kivuina Sen gam Nitum-suah lam ah “Miaozigou” kici mun ah mun khat kimu lai hi. Hih mun nihte etna in tua hun kim in Sen gamah pulnatna lianpi om hi ding hi kici hi.
Thu lakna:
https://www.mphonline.org/worst-pandemics-in-history/
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/en/
https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/public-health/swine-flu-8-facts-about-the-world-s-last-pandemic-in-2009.html
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic#section_3
https://www.ancient.eu/
https://www.livescience.com/worst-epidemics-and-pandemics-in-history.html
