USA gam a phuhkhia Masa Salphate khekhap
The Founding Fathers of the United States
(A phuan/phuh khia masa Pate (The Founding Fathers) thu pen Zomite i thu tunzia (context) tawh a ki gen ciangin mi pawlkhat mit ah "Ko (Kei) a phuah khia masa (Founder) ka hih manin kei thuthu" cih tawh Dictatorship banga kitalkaihna mitkha ah om pahlian a hih manin a gim kidik zolo hi. A langkhat leuleu ah a phuan/phuh khia masa mite sungah "A MAU" a kihel kei leh a phuan/phuh khia masa mite i sepnate (contributions) mun-ah zahtakna leh thusimna tawh minpia (credit) pia nuamlo ban-ah, a kiphuat/phuh khiatna tangthu na ngawn a bei theihna dingin a diktatlohna (dishonest) tawh guk hanciamna om pahpah a hih manin a gim kidik zo tuanlo veve hi.)
Leitung Kumpi gam khempeuh in a mau tangthu ciat ah gam phuh khiatna thu tawh kisai bangci bangin kua mite in na pan masa hiam cih thu nei kim uhhi. Kumpi gam khat leh khat a phuh khiat zia kibanglo a hih manin gam khat leh gam khat zong a khantohna, a thahatna leh a nopna kibanglo pah hi. USA gam a hih leh a khantohna, a thahatna leh a nopna mi khempeuh in za kha, mu kha leh thei khin a hih manin a mau gam phuh khiatzia tangthu pen lunglut huai kisa tek hi. USA gam pen leitung kumpi gam ah a lian 4 na ( 1= Russia, 2= Canada, 3= China) hi a, leitung buppi liatna i lei maitang (landmass) 6.14% pha hi. Leitung buppi lei maitang i 6.14% bek a lian gam a hih hangin leitung bup ah a khangto pen, a thahat pen leh a nop pen gam a hih manin leitung kiuli pan in mi khempeuh in USA gam a ten ding, nuntak ding ut pen in kinei hi. Hih zah tak a mi khempeuh utna dingin gam phuh khia mite kua hi a, a maute in gam phuhna ding a piakkhiat (contribution) bang hiam cih i gen nuam hi. Leitung bup ah gam khangto pen, gam thahat pen leh gam noppen a phuah khia salpha masate (founding fathers) pen ki mangngilh lo, kizahtak den hi.
1760s leh 1770 kim tengin British Kumpi ukna nuai a om American colonies huam sunga teng gammi te in British Kumpi tungah gam ukna leh siahtung siahphei vai ah lungkim lohna lian tektek hi. 1774 kum ciangin tangthu sungah First Continental Congress a kici Colony tuamtuam pan in makaite Pennsylvania gamke Philadelphia khuapi ah khawmpi khat na bawl uhhi. Tua khawmpi kibawl zawh a sawt hetlo khat in British galkapte leh American Colony huam sunga teng mite kikal ah kitotna lianpi hong piang hi. 1775 kum ciangin Second Continental Congress khawmpi pen Philadelphia khuapi mah ah kibawl kik a, American Colony huam sunga teng mite in British Kumpi khutnuai pan in suahtakna thu tangkona nei khia in, American colony tuamtuamte gam sung ki-ukzia ding thukhun Articles of Confederation gelh khia uhhi. 1787 kum ciangin hih a tung a khawmpi kah mite mah Philadelphia khuapi ah ki mu khawm kik uh a, American colony tuamtuamte ki-uk zia (articles of confederation) etphat, puahphat kikna nei uhhi. Tua hun a gam ki-uk zia ding a kikhung thuguipi teng siksan in tuhun a USA gambup thukhunpi kigelh khia a hihi.
Kuate in gam phutkhiat masate hiam? ( Who were the founding fathers?)
Tangthu telsui mite (Historians) in USA gam a dingin kua teng in gam phut khiat mite cihna sungah min kihel ding hiam? Or Kua teng huam ding hiam cih muh dan, san dan a tuamtuam nei uhhi. (Thu kalzeh in USA gam ah Founder – mi khat bek cih omlo a, The Founding Fathers cih kizang hi). Tangthu telsui Richard B. Morris in a genna ah George Washington, Alexandra Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Jay leh Samuel Adams cihte pen kinial kullo in kisang kim thei pah hi ci hi. A mau teng in a piakkhiat uh hun, US gamsung a ding democratic kumpi vaihawm zia ding lamkhiatna leh a maute khekhap (legacy) in tuhun in gam sung vaihawmna zia limlak zo hi. A mau teng ban-ah kuateng kihel lai ding hiam cih tawh kisai a kigen theihna hangin May 25,1787- September 17,1787 sung kikal a kinei Constitutional Convention ah American Colonies huam sung pan palai (55) kah a hih manin, a mau teng zong a phuan/phuh khia mite sungah kihel sak ding hoih hi a ci zong om hi. Tua ban-ah Thomas Jefferson bang pen tua Constitutional Convention khawmpi a kah khak loh hangin USA gam lamkhiatna ding a khuampi phuhna ah a sep a bawl tampi om hi.
USA gam phuhkhiat mite pen pianna kibanglo, nasep kibanglo, nuntak zonna kibanglo, ngeina kibanglo cih bangin a kibanglo nungthu (background) nei a kipawl khawm a hi uhhi. Pawlkhat pen Siavuan (doctors), thu khunsiam (lawyers) mite, sumsin mite (merchants) leh lokho mite (farmers) cih bang pan a kipawl khawm vive a hihi. A kibanglo nungthu (diverse background) pan kipan a paikhawm vive a hih man un, thu theihna (knowledge), sinkhak tuahkhak thu (Experiences) leh gelna (ideas) tuamtuam tampi sungkhawm thei uhhi. A kibanglo siamnate gawm khawm in mailam hun ding gel in mapang khawm uhhi.
A mau' panmun leh mawhpuaknate ( Roles and Responsibilities)
A huampi a gen in USA gam phuhkhiat makai masate in a mau panmun tek panin a mau mawhpuakna tuamtuamte zo leh citak takin sem uh hi. Tua sungah mi pawlkhat in a thupi phadiak panmun leh mawhpuakna a sem om hi. A taktak in cileng, a maute kilamdannate (differences) pen a mau tup leh ngim sepzawhna dingin a mau thahatna in zang thei uhhi. Gentehna in John Adam leh Samuel Adam te unau i lungtang phatna om lo bang hi zenzen leh USA gamsung a om Colonies tengin British Parliament tungah lungkim in Colonies te hamphatna ding ngetna teng khawlkik kha mai ding uhhi. Lai gelhsiam (Journalist) Thomas Paine leh Patrick Henry in minam leh gam itna neihna ding Colonies gamsung khempeuh ah lai nasep tawh khanlawhna meikuang na tawh uhhi. Suahtakna thu tangkona (Declaration of Independence) ah suaikai masa pen, suaikaih gol pen a zong kithei, John Hancock in suahtakna ngahna ding nasepna ah Continental Congress ah hangsan takin makaipi na masa pen na sem hi.
Suahtakna ding hanciam sungin George Washington in galvan leh galsiamna ah British galkapte sangin a thahat zaw dingin gambup galkap na makaih a, gambup thukhunpi vai kikupna khawmpi a thu kisung khempeuh a kizak na dingin makaipi zong na sem hi. George Washington makaihna nuai a kibawl Thukhunpi tawh kisai kikupna khawmpi ah James Madison in thuciamtehna leh tua a kisung khawm thute gawmtuahna nei a, gambup thukhunpi hong gel khia hi. Tua hangin James Madison pen gam phuhkhia makaite sung pan in thukhunpi i pa (the father of the Constitution) zong kici hi.
Kum (81) khat a pha khin Benjamin Franklin in a cidam lohna hangin thukhunpi tawh kisai kikupna khawmpi pawlkhat ah a kihel zawhloh hangin Suahtakna thu tangkona (declaration of Independence) gelhna leh suaktakna ding gal dona a beina dingin 1783 kum in Paris thukimna (Treaty of Paris) ah makaih hi.
Gam phuhkhia masate in gambuppi vaihawmna ding thukhunpi pen gelh khia bek hilo in a kizat, a kizuih, a lawhcin na dingin na hanciam uhhi. Thukhunpi gelna Khawmpi (constitutional convention) a man khit ciangin James Madison, Alexandra Hamilton leh John Jay kipawl in "Publius" cih laigelh min zangin USA gambup thukhunpi hilhcianna leh a hoihna thului (85) bang na hawmkhia uhhi. Tua laigelh pen a tamzaw in "federalist papers" ci'n tangthu in kiciamteh hi. 1791 kum ciangin James Madison in Gambup thukhun puahphatna tampi gelh behlap a, tua sungah Bills of Rights a kici teng zong kihel hi.
A thupi mahman sinna (The Grand Experiment)
American Colonies gam teng pan British gam kumpi ukna nuai pan in suahtakna a ngah pan in leitungah ah a om ngei nailo gambup vaihawmna tawh ki-ukna na ding thukhunpi (constitution) kigelh a hih manin mihing ki-ukna ding a kisinna lian mahmah khat a kinei cih theih a hihi. A hangin Europe gam leh leitung gam tuamtuam ah King (or) Queen bulphuh a kilam khia vaihawmna zang ki-ukna a hih laitak in American Colonies ah mipi bulphuh a kilam khia vaihawmna zang a ki-ukna kisinna a hih man a hihi. America gam phuhkhia makai masate in mipi bulphuh a kilam khia vaihawm kumpi tawh ki-ukna a bawl khiat bek uh hilo in, a lawhcin na ding zong deih takpi uhhi. Tua a hih manin kibatlohna, kilamdanna a pian ciangin kikhiaptuahna (compromise) zangin na vengsak den uhhi. Tua sungah gamke neute in palai kikim ding a deihna, gamke golte in palai tamzaw a deihna thu a hong om ciangin Congress kici kiphuh khiat a tua ah inndei nih ( bicameral)- inndei tungnung leh inndei nuainung cih bawl khiatna tawh a thupi mahmah kikhiaptuahna (the great compromise) kici tawh kiveng sak hi. Tua bangin kibatlohna a om hun ciangin kikhiaptuahna (compromise) zatna hangin gambup hoihna ding piang zaw hi.
USA gam phuh khia masa makaite khekhap (legacy) in America gamsung a teng mite bek hilo, Democracy thu guipi zui a ki-uk sawm gam mite a dingin suahtakna (liberty), thutanna (justice) pia hi.
November 7, 2020
