Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen- 6

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Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen- 6

Thuneihna kihawmna ( A Division of Power)

Gamkhat peuhpeuh in “bangci bang gam nam hiam” cih tehkakna dingin thuneihna hawmna (a division of power) pansan in ki-en hi. Tua thuneihna kihawmna zui in gambup khat pen belpawl gam diktak (genuine federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin, khenlang belpawl gam (quasi-federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin, lomkhom gam (unitary state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin kigen thei hi. Belpawl gam thu genna ah, a kinu sia theilo USA gam tangthu sung i et tak ciangin minam leh gam i thuneihna pen gambup kumpi (federal government) leh gamke/gamkhen kumpi (state government) kikal ah kikhawmna zia genloh theihloh bek hilo in, etteh tham cing mahmah hi. Thuneihna kihawmna (a division of power) pen USA gambup thukhunpi sungah kiteltak leh siangtak in kigelh a, gambup kumpi leh gamke (state) kumpi kikal ah thubuai a om hun a hi zongin, a mun leh mual a om gamke/gamkhen (state) khat leh khat kikal ah buaina a om hunin a hizongin gambup thukhunpi pen USA leitang tunga dingin a thunei pen hi ding hi, (supremacy clauses) ci’n zong kikoih sitset hi. Hih mun-ah thuneihna hawmna (a division of power) i gen pen, gambup kumpi lamkhiatna vai tawh kisai in thuneihna khuampi thumte (3 pillars of power) a hi, ukna thuneihan (Executive power), thukhun bawl theihna (Legislative power), leh thukhen theihna (Judicial power) kikal a thuneihna kikhenna (separation of power) a gen i hi kei a, gam lamkhiatzia tawh kisai a gambup kumpi (Union/Federal Government) leh gamke/gamkhen (State/Regional Government) kikal a thuneihna kihawmna tawh kisai a kikum nuam i hihi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Gam-uk kumpi nam phuhkhiatzia (Forms of Government)

Thuneihna lamkhiatzia (hawmzia) siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Structure) leh Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Source) ci’n leitung kumpi gamah vaihawmzia khenpi nih in kikhen thei hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 4

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Thuneihna Mungpi Thum

Belpawl gam (Federal State) lamkhiatzia tawh gam kiphut hi, cih tak ciangin gamkhat i thuneihna mungpi nam (3) teng pen munkhat ah gawmkhawm lo in bial (Constituent Units) kici gamke, gamkhente ah thuneihna hawmkim in mapang khawm a vaihawmna a hihi. A mun leh mual a om ukna nei vaihawm kumpite in a mau’ tung a kihawm thuneihna zattheihna ciangtawh a mau leh a mau leh a mau ki-ukna (Self-rule) leh gambup i mawhpuak (bial in a mau leh a mau mawhpuakna a lak theihlohnate) thute ah Ukna neikhawm (shared rule) zatna gam-ukna nam a hihi. Ei leh ei ki-ukna (self-rule) a vaihawm ding thute in: (i) Ei mun leh gam – gamke, gamkhen bek tawh kisai tengbek hi cih thute: Gentehna in- minam ngeina, lai, pau leh tangthu, pupa luahsa gam leitang vai cihte pawl pen a mun a mual a teng mite vai hizaw hi. (ii) Ei mun leh gam uk vaihawm kumpite in gel in sem leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna in – Vanzat bawlna khawl leh nasem mite zuih ding paiziate, mun leh mual khantohna ding (local development), gamke, gamkhen sung sang laisimna (Basic Education) pilna, mun leh mual pan a piang nate tungpan phiangsiah kaihnate a hihi. Ukna neikhawm (shared Rule) ding a kisapna munte pen: (i) Gambup kumpi tawh zong kisai a kikoih thute: Gentehna- Bitna (Defense), Lai-to (Postal Services), Sum (Monetary), gamdang tawh kizopna (Foreign affairs) pen gamkhat sungah vaihawmzia khat bek omleh a hoih nam a hihi. (ii) Gambup kumpi in vaihawmna nei leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna – Cidamna (Health), kim le pam kepbitna (Environmental issues), gambup sum le pai zonna (Economic policy), Pilna sang sinna (Higher education), leisung sumpiang (natural resources) cihte pawl a hihi. Belpawl gam (Federal State) sung-ah bang thuneihnate pen gamke, gamkhen in len ding a bang thu neihnate pen gambup in len ding cih kihawmkimna pen Gambup kumpi leh gamke, gamkhen kumpite kikal ah kithu kimna (covenant) zui in kisuai hi a, gam khat leh khat ah hawmkimna kibang khin theilo hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 3

Suahtakna leh Thuneihna Sangpen (Sovereign Power)

Leitung galpi nihna ( World War II) leh gamkek opkhum hun bei khit (Post Colonialism) ciangin leitungbup politics vai ah nitumna lam gamte leh nisuahna lam gamte ci’n khenpi nih hong piang hi. Nitumna lam gamhuam sunga om gamte pen USA in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Democracy paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Capitalism thapia uhhi. Nisuahna lam gamhuam sung a om gamte pen Russia (tua hun in USSR) in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Communism paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Socialism thapia uhhi. Sehpi nih a kisuah  leitung mun tuamtuam a teng minamte in minam vai (Nationalism) khanglo mahmah uha, a mau minamte suahtakna ding nasep leh malakna in mun khempeuh zel hi. Democracy paizia (ki-ukna) ngahna ding, ei-le-ei deihtelna (self-determination) ding kammal siksan in minam suahtakna in malakna leh dona meikuang bangin hat hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 2

Gamkhat phuhna leh lamkhiatna

Minam tuamtuamte in a mau minam pau leh lai, ngeina, biakna leh tangthu kiciantak in neitek uhi. Taang pau leh lai, ngeina, biakna leh khang tangthute zui in minam khat leh khat a lomlom, a khilkhil in mun leh mual khat-ah tengkhawm, khawlkhawm in nek leh tak zong khawm uhhi. Mihingte’ thu muhna leh ngaihsutna khantohna tawh kituak in khosak gamtatna (civilization) sangzaw manawhna tawh minamte in vaihawmna leh ukna neihna dingin gam phut leh lamkhia in midangte tungah thu neih ding kihanciam hi. Gamhuam sung a lian a neu cih hi masa lo in a mau ukna leh thu neih zawhna ciangciang khuikhawm in gam (country) cih theih dingin ukna nei uh hi. Gam (country) a kiphuh khit tak ciangin, gam-uk dingin Kumpi (King) or Kumpi nu (Queen), gam lutangpi (President) a om kul a, gamsung vaihawm dingzia ding pen gam-uk kumpi or lutangpi deihna leh ngimna zui in kisem hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal - Khen 1

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen 1

Minam leh Gam

Kawlte Tangthu- Myanmar History, Kawlgam sang laisim bu sung-ah gamkek mangkangte’n November 29, 1885 kum in “Kawl Kumpi Thibaw (Min) zo in, a mat ni leh hun a kipan in Mangkang gamkekte ukna nuai-ah Kawlgam bup i tung hi” ci’n kisin a, khial hetlo na pi’n man khinlo hi. Kawl minamte tangthu kisin a hih manin gamkek Mangkangte’n Kawl kumpi a zawh ni uh pen Kawl minam khempeuh Mangkangte ukna nuai a tun ni/hun a hih manin khiallo hi, a ci i hihi. A man khitlohna lam panin gen leng, tua hun lai a Kawlgam ( Thibaw Kumpi ukna gam) pen tuhun a (1948 January 4 khit) Kawlgam (Union of Myanmar) kici tawh kibang lo hi. Gamkek Mangkang leh Kawl minam gal thumvei kidona (Third Anglo-Burmese War) gal bei ni  1885 November 29 ni leh hun laitak in Kawl Kumpi Thibaw (Min) in tuhun a Zogam (Chin State), Kachin State, Shan State leh Karenni State cihte uk ngeilo hi. Tuhun a Kawlgam ci a, leitung gamlim a i muh theih gam pen 1947 kum Pinlong thukimna zui a Shan, Kachin leh Chin (Zo) minam leh Kawl minamte in lung kituak a, thu kimna tawh i phuh khop gam a hihi. Mangkang gamket te’n Thibaw (Min) Kumpi ukna a lak hunlai tak un, Zogam pen kuamah ukna nuai ah omlo in, a suakta gam in om lai hi.

Asian Van zuakna Sumbuk (Asian Grocery Store) bawlna ah theih huai thu

Asian Van zuakna Sumbuk (Asian Grocery Store) bawlna ah theih huai thu:

Tual Khan Suan

Mihingte in “Lo no na mun leh tui siang na mun” zongin a lal kawikawi i hihna zui-in Zomite zong United States of America (USA) gam leh a khangto gamte (developed countries) ah nuntakna nuam zaw zongin i lal khia hi. I tunna mun leh gam thak ah na khatpeuh i sep ding tak ciangin thukhun tawh kituak (legally) a na sep vive hi a, utna leh lawpna bek suangin na kisem theilo hi. Thukhun (law) leh lamlahna (guidelines) zui in na i sep tak ciangin a na semte mahmah zong tua thukhun in hong humbit kik in, matutna om zaw hi.

Zomite a kipan minam dangte zong gamdang i tun hangin i ngeina an leh meh, nek leh dawn, silh le teen mah kilung gulh zaw veve a hih manin tuate a kingah theihna sumbup (store) ah van kilei zaw hi. Tua hi a, i duh i deihte ngah theihna dingin sum zong pai zong mite in sumbuk (store) bawl nasep tawh sum zong mi ki tam mahmah khin ta hi. Asian Vanzuakna Sumbuk ( Asian Grocery Store) bawlna tawh nek zong mite’ theih huai leh a kigin kholh huai thu pawlkhat a haampi in lamlahna i gen dinghi.