Upna hanga sihna thuak mite- [ Milada Horakova- 1901-1950]

Upna hanga sihna thuak mite-  [ Milada Horakova- 1901-1950]

“Ka nuntakna huu ka san laiteng, na lungnopna dingin thu ka ngen ding hi (Until my last breath, I shall pray for your happiness, my dear child)”

Hih kammal in a upna hang a, khailupna a thuak Milada Horakova in kum (16) a cingpan a tanu Jana tungah a kikhailup ma ding nitak a, a gelh laikhak sung a kammal khat a hihi. Milada Horakova pen Czechoslovakia gam ah mihing nuntakna nopsakna ding, mihing hihna nuai-ah numei le Pasal tanh kikimna ding leh Democracy paizia tawh ki-ukna ngahna ding a sep manin Communist Party in June 27,1950 ni, zingsang nai 5:35am hun lian in Prague khuapi sungah om Pankrac Thong (prison) huang sungah khau tawh khailum uhhi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 9

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 9

Ei deihna a khensatna leh ukna ( Self-determination)

Minam tampi kigawm khawm kumpi lian ukna gam (Empire) sungah minam tuamtuamte i nuntakna leh nekzonna kisapna zui in ei deihna a khensatna le ukna (Self-determination) pen zat loh phamawh thu khat a hihi. Europe gam Austro-Hungarian Empire (kumpi gam), Ottoman Empire a kitap khap ma hun lai-in, tua kumpi gam sunga tengkhawm minamte pen a mau nuntakna leh nekzonna a hoih zaw dingin ei deihna a khensatna leh ukna (self-determination) kipia tek hi. (Note: Austor-Hungary Empire a kitap khap ciangin Romania, Bulgaria leh Hungary gamte hong piang khia hi). Tua a hih manin, mipil pawlkhat in ei deihna a khensatna le ukna (Self-determination) kipat cilna pen Europe khuamualpi (Continent) sunga om Empire pan kipan hi, ci uhhi. Cihnopna ah Empire khat sunga tengkhawm minam tuamtuamte in a mau minam leh nuntakna kisapna zui in Self-determination kipia tek a, a tawpna ah tua thu zangin minam khat in gamkhat tek in dingkhia hi, cihna hi. Self-determination cih kammal pen Politics vai a hita leh, Thukhun (law) vai ah hita leh a deihna kician tak in leitungbup san theih dingin kigelh thei nailo a, a huampi a gen in a zang gamte zatdan leh sandan zui in gamdang khat ukna pan suahtakna la in gam tuam phuh theihna ciang dong huam thei hi. Minambup kipawlna vai hawmna sungah Self-determination huamna leh tangvaina tawh kisai in kinialna om tawntung hi mah taleh, mihing hamphatna (human rights) tawh kisai in a hizongin, gam vaihawmna (politics) tawh kisai in ahi zongin tuni ciang mah lum leh tei bangin kizang veve hi. Self-determination huamsungah Mihing hamphatna (Human rights) ngahna ding nasepna ah gam ki-ukna pan suahtakna ngah ding cih ngim masa ahih loh hangin gamleivai (Political issues) tawh kisai hamphatna ngahna ding malakna ah gamsung pan suahtakna ding ngimna kihelkha veve hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 8

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Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 8

Gambup Khawnbawl Innpi (Parliament)

Belpawl gam (Federal State) ahi a, Lomkhop gam (Unitary State) ahi zongin gambup sung a teng mimal leh haitawi gamke (Member State) khempeuh in tahn kikimna a omna ding lampi zonna in Khawnbawlna Innpi (Congress/ Parliament) phutkhia hi. Gam pawlkhat in Innpi dei khat paizia (Unicameral system) paizia a zat hangin leitungah gam a tamzaw in Innpi dei nih paizia (Bicameral system) zangin gam lamkhia zaw hi. Tua Innpi dei nih paizia (Bicameral system) pen a tangpi a gen in Inndei tungnung (Upper House) leh Inndei Nuainung (Lower House) ci’n kikhen hi. Inndei nih kigawm gambup innpi pen “Parliament” ci’n UK ah kimin vawh a, “Congress” ci’n USA gam kimin vawh hi. Kawlgam ah “Pyidawngsuh Hlutdaw” kici hi.

USA gam thukhunpi gelhna khawmpi (Constitution Convention) kibawl laitak hun-in, gamke (State) golzawte in Congress ah Palai (Representative) tam deih zaw uh a, gamke (state) neuzawte in Congress ah Palai kikim ngah ding deih uhhi. May 29,1787 ni-in Gamke golzaw Virginia pan Thukhunpi gelh Palaite in gamke golna zui in Congress ah Palai tamzaw neih theihna ding gelna “Virginia Plan” pulak uhhi. A lang lamah, Gamke neuzaw New Jersey pan Thukhunpi gelh Palaite’n Gamke khempeuh in Palai kikim neih theihna ding gelna “New Jersey Plan”, June 15,1787 ni-in pulak uhhi. Hih gelna (Plan) nihte pen a lang tuak panin kinialna nakpi tak in om ngei hi. Tua laitak in June 23, 1787 in Connecticut gamke pan Roger Sherman leh Oliver Ellsworth in “Congress pen dei nih a khen ding; inndei tungnung ah gamke khempeuh in palai kikim puak ding; inndei nuainung ah gamke golte in mimal (population) tamna zui in palai tamzaw puak ding” ci’n gelna thusunna pan in innpi dei nih (Bicameral Legislature) bawl ding kiho lemna om thei a hihi. Tua kiholemna pen USA gambup tangthu sungah, “The Great Compromise” or “Connecticut Compromise” ci’n kiciamteh pah hi.

Bang hangin Politics hua i hiam?

Bang hangin Politics hua i hiam?

( Why do we hate Politics?)

Hih lai kigelh a sim thei mi khempeuh in Politics cih kammal a kizak tak ciangin gam vaihawmna leh ki-ukna thuneihna nei gam kumpi, tua tawh a kikim thuneihna panmun a len mite i mitkha ah kimu pah lian hi. Minam vai leh gamvai a sem mite pen politics a sem mite in kiciamteh pah cihna a hihi. Biakna vai, sumbawlna vai tawh kisai kipawlna zawdeuh pen politics tawh kisawh khalo bangin kikoih cihna zong ahihi. Khial hi, a kicih pah theihloh hangin man khin tuanlo hi. A manna om a, a khialhna zong om hi. A manna in minam leh gamvai nasepna ah ukna thuneihna ngahna dingin a kilangtang in kituhna kinei a hih manin politics kisem mahmah cih theih hi. A khialhna lam leuleu ah, biakna vaite ah ukna thuneihna ngahna dingin a simtham (mi nautang i theih luatloh in kidemna om) in kituhna om a hihmanin KIDEMNA om veve hi kici theihi. Na Sepna (Minam, gamvai leh biakna) bek lieuliau pen politics hi kici theilo a, na sepna a hang leh a zia (ukna leh panmun kituhna) ciangin politics kici theipan hi. Minam leh gamvai na sep manin politics a sem cih pah lanlan ding hilo a, minam leh gamvai na sepna ah ukna thuneihna ngah nopna tawh sepzia a om ciangin politics kisem cih ding hi zaw hi. Tua mah bangin biakna vai nasep a hih nakleh politics a semlo cih pah ding hi tuanlo a, biakna sungah ukna thuneihna ngahna ding na sepna leh sepzia a om leh politics kisem mah cih ding ahihi. Politics kihelna, kimawlna pen nisim nuntakna mun khempeuh ah kimu thei hi. Nasepna, veng kipawlna, khua kipawlna cihte khempeuh ah zong kimu thei hi. Tua hi a, biakna vai a hih kei nak leh Politics cih ding hilo a, biakna vai a hih nak leh Politics omlo bangin san ding zong hi pah hetlo hi. (Note: Biakna sungah Politics pen a kilanglo ( a simtham) in kidemna om a hih manin mun dangte sangin Politics pen pilvang kul zaw lai hi.)

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 7

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 7

Thuneihna tuamkhenna ( Separation of Power)

Thuneihna tuamkhenna (Separation of Power) cih kammal pen kumzalom (century) 18^th lai a French thu thuk ngaihsun (philosopher) Charles-Louis Montesquieu i gamsung ukna ding tawh kisai thukhun gelh dingzia lunggelna bulphuh a kigelkhia a hihi. Gamsung vaihawmna ah kivaipuak (or) ki-ukzia ding gelzia (model) khat hi a, kumpi kahiang (government branch) khat leh khat kikal-ah thuneihna kibukkim na ding deihna leh kumpi kahiang (Government branch) khat bek in a leklua a thuneihna neih khakloh ding ngimna a hihi.  

Gamkhat i thuneihna sangpen (Sovereign Power) i cih sunga om Thukhun bawl theihna (Legislative Power), Ukna-vaihawm theihna (Executive Power) leh Thukhen theihna (Judicial Power) nampi (3) teng kihekkhawm lo in, a mau muntek ah tuamkhen in gamsung vaihawmna gelna a hihi. Hih thuneihna (power) nampi (3) teng pen mimal khat (or) mi khenkhat khutsung bek ah hekkhawm in gawmkhopna gamte pen Lomkhawm gam (Unitary State) ci’n kithei a, tua thuneihna nampi (3) teng a tuamtuam a khenin, mi tuamtek i khutsungah kihawm leh Belpawl gam (Federal State) gam bulphuh Democracy gam ci’n ki thei hi. Hih thuneihna nampi (3) teng kikhendan tawh kisai i genna ciangin Democracy gam paizia et ding thupi hi. Tua Democracy gam paizia tawh vaihawmna pen paipi nam (2) in kikhen thei leuleu hi. Presidential Democracy paizia tawh ki vaihawm gam pawl leh Parliamentary Democracy paizia tawh kilam gam pawl a hihi. Hih Democracy paipi nam (2) bulphuh in thuneihna tuamkhenna en leng gamsung kilam khiatzia kitel baih zaw hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen- 6

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Zo Minam leh Federal: Khen- 6

Thuneihna kihawmna ( A Division of Power)

Gamkhat peuhpeuh in “bangci bang gam nam hiam” cih tehkakna dingin thuneihna hawmna (a division of power) pansan in ki-en hi. Tua thuneihna kihawmna zui in gambup khat pen belpawl gam diktak (genuine federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin, khenlang belpawl gam (quasi-federal state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin, lomkhom gam (unitary state) hi maw, hilo cih a hizongin kigen thei hi. Belpawl gam thu genna ah, a kinu sia theilo USA gam tangthu sung i et tak ciangin minam leh gam i thuneihna pen gambup kumpi (federal government) leh gamke/gamkhen kumpi (state government) kikal ah kikhawmna zia genloh theihloh bek hilo in, etteh tham cing mahmah hi. Thuneihna kihawmna (a division of power) pen USA gambup thukhunpi sungah kiteltak leh siangtak in kigelh a, gambup kumpi leh gamke (state) kumpi kikal ah thubuai a om hun a hi zongin, a mun leh mual a om gamke/gamkhen (state) khat leh khat kikal ah buaina a om hunin a hizongin gambup thukhunpi pen USA leitang tunga dingin a thunei pen hi ding hi, (supremacy clauses) ci’n zong kikoih sitset hi. Hih mun-ah thuneihna hawmna (a division of power) i gen pen, gambup kumpi lamkhiatna vai tawh kisai in thuneihna khuampi thumte (3 pillars of power) a hi, ukna thuneihan (Executive power), thukhun bawl theihna (Legislative power), leh thukhen theihna (Judicial power) kikal a thuneihna kikhenna (separation of power) a gen i hi kei a, gam lamkhiatzia tawh kisai a gambup kumpi (Union/Federal Government) leh gamke/gamkhen (State/Regional Government) kikal a thuneihna kihawmna tawh kisai a kikum nuam i hihi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 5

Gam-uk kumpi nam phuhkhiatzia (Forms of Government)

Thuneihna lamkhiatzia (hawmzia) siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Structure) leh Thuneihna nak siksan a kilam kumpi (Forms of Government by Power Source) ci’n leitung kumpi gamah vaihawmzia khenpi nih in kikhen thei hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 4

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Thuneihna Mungpi Thum

Belpawl gam (Federal State) lamkhiatzia tawh gam kiphut hi, cih tak ciangin gamkhat i thuneihna mungpi nam (3) teng pen munkhat ah gawmkhawm lo in bial (Constituent Units) kici gamke, gamkhente ah thuneihna hawmkim in mapang khawm a vaihawmna a hihi. A mun leh mual a om ukna nei vaihawm kumpite in a mau’ tung a kihawm thuneihna zattheihna ciangtawh a mau leh a mau leh a mau ki-ukna (Self-rule) leh gambup i mawhpuak (bial in a mau leh a mau mawhpuakna a lak theihlohnate) thute ah Ukna neikhawm (shared rule) zatna gam-ukna nam a hihi. Ei leh ei ki-ukna (self-rule) a vaihawm ding thute in: (i) Ei mun leh gam – gamke, gamkhen bek tawh kisai tengbek hi cih thute: Gentehna in- minam ngeina, lai, pau leh tangthu, pupa luahsa gam leitang vai cihte pawl pen a mun a mual a teng mite vai hizaw hi. (ii) Ei mun leh gam uk vaihawm kumpite in gel in sem leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna in – Vanzat bawlna khawl leh nasem mite zuih ding paiziate, mun leh mual khantohna ding (local development), gamke, gamkhen sung sang laisimna (Basic Education) pilna, mun leh mual pan a piang nate tungpan phiangsiah kaihnate a hihi. Ukna neikhawm (shared Rule) ding a kisapna munte pen: (i) Gambup kumpi tawh zong kisai a kikoih thute: Gentehna- Bitna (Defense), Lai-to (Postal Services), Sum (Monetary), gamdang tawh kizopna (Foreign affairs) pen gamkhat sungah vaihawmzia khat bek omleh a hoih nam a hihi. (ii) Gambup kumpi in vaihawmna nei leh a lawhcing zaw ding thute: Gentehna – Cidamna (Health), kim le pam kepbitna (Environmental issues), gambup sum le pai zonna (Economic policy), Pilna sang sinna (Higher education), leisung sumpiang (natural resources) cihte pawl a hihi. Belpawl gam (Federal State) sung-ah bang thuneihnate pen gamke, gamkhen in len ding a bang thu neihnate pen gambup in len ding cih kihawmkimna pen Gambup kumpi leh gamke, gamkhen kumpite kikal ah kithu kimna (covenant) zui in kisuai hi a, gam khat leh khat ah hawmkimna kibang khin theilo hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 3

Suahtakna leh Thuneihna Sangpen (Sovereign Power)

Leitung galpi nihna ( World War II) leh gamkek opkhum hun bei khit (Post Colonialism) ciangin leitungbup politics vai ah nitumna lam gamte leh nisuahna lam gamte ci’n khenpi nih hong piang hi. Nitumna lam gamhuam sunga om gamte pen USA in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Democracy paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Capitalism thapia uhhi. Nisuahna lam gamhuam sung a om gamte pen Russia (tua hun in USSR) in makaih a, gamsung ki-ukna ah Communism paizia thapia in sumbawlna ah Socialism thapia uhhi. Sehpi nih a kisuah  leitung mun tuamtuam a teng minamte in minam vai (Nationalism) khanglo mahmah uha, a mau minamte suahtakna ding nasep leh malakna in mun khempeuh zel hi. Democracy paizia (ki-ukna) ngahna ding, ei-le-ei deihtelna (self-determination) ding kammal siksan in minam suahtakna in malakna leh dona meikuang bangin hat hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen- 2

Gamkhat phuhna leh lamkhiatna

Minam tuamtuamte in a mau minam pau leh lai, ngeina, biakna leh tangthu kiciantak in neitek uhi. Taang pau leh lai, ngeina, biakna leh khang tangthute zui in minam khat leh khat a lomlom, a khilkhil in mun leh mual khat-ah tengkhawm, khawlkhawm in nek leh tak zong khawm uhhi. Mihingte’ thu muhna leh ngaihsutna khantohna tawh kituak in khosak gamtatna (civilization) sangzaw manawhna tawh minamte in vaihawmna leh ukna neihna dingin gam phut leh lamkhia in midangte tungah thu neih ding kihanciam hi. Gamhuam sung a lian a neu cih hi masa lo in a mau ukna leh thu neih zawhna ciangciang khuikhawm in gam (country) cih theih dingin ukna nei uh hi. Gam (country) a kiphuh khit tak ciangin, gam-uk dingin Kumpi (King) or Kumpi nu (Queen), gam lutangpi (President) a om kul a, gamsung vaihawm dingzia ding pen gam-uk kumpi or lutangpi deihna leh ngimna zui in kisem hi.

Zo Minam leh Federal - Khen 1

Zo Minam leh Federal- Khen 1

Minam leh Gam

Kawlte Tangthu- Myanmar History, Kawlgam sang laisim bu sung-ah gamkek mangkangte’n November 29, 1885 kum in “Kawl Kumpi Thibaw (Min) zo in, a mat ni leh hun a kipan in Mangkang gamkekte ukna nuai-ah Kawlgam bup i tung hi” ci’n kisin a, khial hetlo na pi’n man khinlo hi. Kawl minamte tangthu kisin a hih manin gamkek Mangkangte’n Kawl kumpi a zawh ni uh pen Kawl minam khempeuh Mangkangte ukna nuai a tun ni/hun a hih manin khiallo hi, a ci i hihi. A man khitlohna lam panin gen leng, tua hun lai a Kawlgam ( Thibaw Kumpi ukna gam) pen tuhun a (1948 January 4 khit) Kawlgam (Union of Myanmar) kici tawh kibang lo hi. Gamkek Mangkang leh Kawl minam gal thumvei kidona (Third Anglo-Burmese War) gal bei ni  1885 November 29 ni leh hun laitak in Kawl Kumpi Thibaw (Min) in tuhun a Zogam (Chin State), Kachin State, Shan State leh Karenni State cihte uk ngeilo hi. Tuhun a Kawlgam ci a, leitung gamlim a i muh theih gam pen 1947 kum Pinlong thukimna zui a Shan, Kachin leh Chin (Zo) minam leh Kawl minamte in lung kituak a, thu kimna tawh i phuh khop gam a hihi. Mangkang gamket te’n Thibaw (Min) Kumpi ukna a lak hunlai tak un, Zogam pen kuamah ukna nuai ah omlo in, a suakta gam in om lai hi.

Asian Van zuakna Sumbuk (Asian Grocery Store) bawlna ah theih huai thu

Asian Van zuakna Sumbuk (Asian Grocery Store) bawlna ah theih huai thu:

Tual Khan Suan

Mihingte in “Lo no na mun leh tui siang na mun” zongin a lal kawikawi i hihna zui-in Zomite zong United States of America (USA) gam leh a khangto gamte (developed countries) ah nuntakna nuam zaw zongin i lal khia hi. I tunna mun leh gam thak ah na khatpeuh i sep ding tak ciangin thukhun tawh kituak (legally) a na sep vive hi a, utna leh lawpna bek suangin na kisem theilo hi. Thukhun (law) leh lamlahna (guidelines) zui in na i sep tak ciangin a na semte mahmah zong tua thukhun in hong humbit kik in, matutna om zaw hi.

Zomite a kipan minam dangte zong gamdang i tun hangin i ngeina an leh meh, nek leh dawn, silh le teen mah kilung gulh zaw veve a hih manin tuate a kingah theihna sumbup (store) ah van kilei zaw hi. Tua hi a, i duh i deihte ngah theihna dingin sum zong pai zong mite in sumbuk (store) bawl nasep tawh sum zong mi ki tam mahmah khin ta hi. Asian Vanzuakna Sumbuk ( Asian Grocery Store) bawlna tawh nek zong mite’ theih huai leh a kigin kholh huai thu pawlkhat a haampi in lamlahna i gen dinghi.

Suakta tak a pulak genkhiatna tawh kisai zehtanna

Suakta tak a pulak genkhiatna tawh kisai zehtanna ( Ethics of Freedom of Expression)

Tual Khan Suan

USA gam bup thukhunpi a kizat cil kum (1789) khit kum (2) khit teh, a masa pen gambup thukhunpi thuapbehna (Amendment) pen 1791 kum in kibawl a, tua a masa pen thukhunpi thuapbehna sungah USA gamsung a teng mi khempeuh in biakna suahtakna (Freedom of Religious), pulak gentheihna suahtakna (Freedom of Expression), daitak a kikaihkhopna (the Right to form Association), leh kumpi tungah lungkim lohna gen leh thusun neihtheihna (Petition to the Government) a ngah kimna dingin mihing hamphatnate humbit hi. 1948 kum a kigelh Khuavannuai Mihing Hamphatnate Tangkona (UDHR)-Article 19 sungah, “ Mikim in a mau muhna leh sannate suakta tak in pulak gentheihna,…” ngah kimtek thei a hihna kigelh hi. USA gam thukhunpi sungah kum 1791 kigelh lut in, UNO vaihawmna nuai ah UDHR thu tangkona sunga leitungbup mite in zong a ngah theihna dingin 1948 kum in tangkonna a neih a hi, mimal kim in a mau muhna leh sanna pen suakta tak in pulak gen khia thei ding cih thu guipi pen USA gam ah a kizat khit kum (157) khit ciangin leitung bup a zat theih dingin kibawl hi kici thei hi.

Paunak Zuunna: Nahkhok no Musi Suak in a pi ne

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Tual Khan Suan

A kizatna: Nu leh Pa, a hihkei leh mi khatpeuh in a it mahmah a ta/tanu, a hihkei leh mi dang khatpeuh khuasuak dingin pantah a, tua mipa/minu a khanliat/zaliat ciangin a mah a pantah mite siatna/sihna ding bawl kikna mun ah kizang hi. Hoihna pen siatna tawh thukkikna cihte pawl ah zong kizang hi.

Mangkangte’n zong hih bang dan paunak na nei uhhi. “Nang an hong pia khut pet na” (Bite the hand that feed you) na ci uhhi. La phuahsiam Trent Reznor “The Hand That Feeds” cih thulu tawh la na phuak a, La sa “Nine Inch Nails” in na sa hi. A la, sakkik (chorus) ah:

Presidential Democracy ( President makaih ki-ukna)

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Tual Khan Suan

Presidential Democracy paizia zui a minam leh gam ki-ukna, vaihawmna munte ah, ukna thu neihna (Executive Power), thukhun bawl theihna (Legislative Power), thukhen theihna (Judicial Power) teng pen kihek khawmlo in a tuam vilvel in om a, tua pen thuneihna tuamkhenna (Separation of Powers) ci’n kithei hi. (President Democracy pen Presidential Government in zong kithei hi.) Presidential Government ah ukna thunei pawl (executive branch) in nasep makaih a, thukhun bawlna ah mawhpuak a neilo banah Thukhen pawl zong va sawksuk sawkto theilo hi. USA gam thukhunpi pen Presidential Democracy paizia nuai a thu neihna tuamkhenna (separation of powers) a kisep suah cilna cih ding a hihi.

Zomite Pasian upna Pawlpi (Saptuam) Kikhenna

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Tual Khan Suan

I biak Pasian kibang a, i upna zong kibang ban-ah, i Laisiangtho zat zong kibang na pi’n, bang hangin pawlpi/saptuam (church) kikhen thang zelzul i hiam? cih theihnopna kinei a, kidotna zong om zelzel hi. Pawlkhat in tua bang dotna leh theihnopna pen thusimn khollo in zong awlmawh selo hi. Pawlkhat leuleu in tua dotna thupi sa in, a mau muhna dan zui in a hang gen khia hi. A hang a kan ut, a kan utlo leh a awlmawh lo mi ki om hi.

Galkap nasep, vaihawmna leh gam ukna

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( The role of Army in a nation)

Tual Khan Suan

Gam khat ki-ukna (administration) a nung thuap ding, vaihawmna (executive) a semsuah ding leh gambitna (security) a kemcing dingin minam khempeuh in galkap neih kisam hi. Galkap nasep pen gambitna dingin a hut bek hilo in, gam sungah daihna leh kipkhona (peace and stability) a om theih na’ng veng a kep ding a hihi. Gam sungah gal lauhna leh lung patauhna a nei gamsung mite a hu ding pen galkapte’ mawhpuak leh vaipuak ahihi. Gam mite nisim nek zonna leh nuntakna ding zonna ah lung laulo a, a zon a vak theihna dingun, galkapte’n venbitna tavuan a lak ding a hihi. Galkap nasep pen mipi khasum piak nasep (public services) a hihna zui in mipi a kikhen kham saklo ding, mipi hoih zawkna ding leh mipi bitna ding nasep pen a bulpi pen ahihi. Lamkhat pan in cileng, a maute pen mipi in a mau neihsa teng kaikhawm a, khasum a piak uh nasem mite (service-man) a hi uhhi.

Pum gup policy leh Pum huat policy

Tual Khan Suan

“A hoihzaw ding, thutang leh thulai khat om mah ve aw, a hih hangin kei gup leh kei deih mite’ gen a hih kei leh, awl mawh keng”

Thu piang khatpeuh a om ciangin mihingte in “a pianna ding a tawsawn (motive), a piangsak thu (cause), bang ci bangin piang leh a nung thu (result) bang hiam cih kantello pi in, “a sem mi (actor) bek en in thu kimpih leh thu kimpihlo or  gup huai leh paih huai kinei thei hi. Tua pen a mi a i kimuan man, a hih kei leh a mi a i muhdah man ahihi. A mimal a, i it man leh i deih manin thu hoih gen ding hi cih upmawhna i neih bangin, a mimal in muhdah manin thu hoih gen ngeilo ding a i sansat (upmawh) gawpman zong ahihi.

Teek leh Mo ( Innkuan sung kisan siamlohna)

Tual Khan Suan

Teek leh Mo kikal a kisan siamlohna, a hih kei leh kithutuah lohna a piang thei zel pen Zomi numei sung leh Zomi innsung bek thu piang thei hilo hi. Minam dangte sungah zong om lua hi. Nitumna lam gam (Western countries) mite innkuan sungah zong nak om lua a hih manin, tua bang thu a pian loh theihna dingin kidal kholhna in teek leh mote innsung khat ah tenkhop loh ding gel uhhi. A tate un zi leh pasal a neih ciangin inn tuan sak pahpah uhhi. Teek i cihte zong hun khat lai a mo thak ngei vive hi uh a, tu laitak a mothak i cihte zong hun khat ciang a teek sem ding vive a hihi. Tua a hih manin “Teek le Mo” kikal a kisan siamlohna pen a piang thei thu a hih sam hangin a piang lo dingin zong kidal kholh theih hi. Tua hi a, teek leh mo kikal thu pen, thudang khat in a gen hi leng “ A masa leh a nunung” panmun ( position) lakna kikal a om thu hi, ci leng zong kici thei hi.